The article presents the results of a comparative study conducted in the southern agroclimatic zone of the republic (Gantsevichi District, Brest Region) within two field trials with low and high soil fertility. The study examined the effects of growth-promoting biological preparations – Golubika Peat Oxidate with microelements at a concentration of 0.4 % and the new microbial preparation Ecoberit at concentrations of 2, 4, and 8 % – on the antioxidant and enzymatic activity of highbush blueberry fruits. It was established that, regardless of the agrochemical background, the most effective agricultural practice, providing maximum protection of cellular structures from oxidative stress, was the application of a 0.4 % solution of Peat Oxidate to the near-trunk zone of blueberry plantings. It was shown that on low-fertility soil, the use of a 4 % Ecoberit solution was 1.5 times less effective than the leading agricultural practice; while the 8 % solution was 5 times less effective; and while the 2 % solution was completely ineffective. On high-fertility soil, the overall antioxidant protection level with Peat Oxidate was almost half that of less fertile soil, while the negative impact of Ecoberit on the antiradical properties of fruits was absolutely dominant. This was most pronounced with the 8 % solution, while the 4 % solution was 1.3 times less effective.

Among all yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), thousand grain weight (TGW) is especially important as the most stable trait with high heritability. Grain weight is mainly determined by its size (length and width). Polymorphism of TaGW2-6A, TaGW2-6B, TaTGW6-A1, TaGS3-4A, TaGS5-3A, TaGS3-D1, TaGASR7-A1, TaCKX6-D1, TaD11-2A, and TaCYP78A5 genes, involved in the regulation of grain size, was analyzed in the collection of 40 common wheat lines with introgressions of Triticum species genetic material and 15 parental genotypes. The aim was to identify the association of allelic variants of these genes with grain weight and to assess the potential for combining high TGW with grain quality in wheat lines with alien genetic material. It was established that these genes significantly contribute to the variability of the studied traits, except for TaGW2-6A and TaD11-2A, for which no role was identified in the formation of morphometric parameters and TGW, respectively. The favorable haplotypes/alleles frequency for most genes was high (60.0–100.0 %) across the collection. Haplotype combination TaGS3-D1a, H1c, Hap-6A-G, Hap-6B-2, TaD11-2A-HapI, and Ap-HapII was most frequent in genotypes with high TGW.
On average over the two-year study period, introgression lines exhibited significantly greater grain length but significantly lower grain width compared to varieties; TGW was higher than in the parental forms, but statistically significant superiority was noted only in comparison with common wheat relatives. Among the studied 40 introgression lines, 19 significantly surpassed the original variety in TGW, with 11 of these also demonstrating high grain protein and gluten content. The results indicate the possibility of obtaining wheat lines with alien genetic material combining high grain weight with improved grain quality.

The article presents the results of the analysis of sugar beet seedlings whose seeds were encrusted before sowing with protective-stimulating compositions (PSC) based on polyvinyl acetate dispersion (PVA) containing either brassinolide (BL, PSC-BL) or epibrassinolide (EBL, PSC-EBL) at a concentration of 10–8 M. Growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment content, and photosynthetic activity of plants were studied. It was found that seed treatment with PSC-EBL provided an increase in the root mass of seedlings by 56 % relative to the control. Using PAM-fluorimetry, it was revealed that PSC-BL reduces unregulated energy losses of photosystem (PS) II (Y(NO)) by 24 % and increased the efficiency of PS II (Y(II)) by 62 %.

The new domestic biological preparation IPSBOVER based on the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., strain ILNAN 20-08, producing biologically active substances, has been created to control populations of Ips acuminatus, Ips sexdentatus, and Ips typographus in the emerging outbreaks of coniferous stands and protect harvested pine and spruce wood from bark beetle damage during storage. The biopreparation eliminates stem insect pests when fungal hyphae penetrate their integuments, resulting in toxin-induced damage. It also reduces the viability and fecundity of surviving xylophages. State registration trials of the biopreparation IPSBOVER were conducted in coniferous stands within the forest fund of state forestry institutions during 2024–2025 to assess its biological efficacy. Results of state registration trials during 2024–2025 indicate that the biological efficacy of the biopreparation in emerging outbreaks of coniferous stands using modernized pheromone traps was 65.1 % and 56.9 % against Ips acuminatus, 60.6 % and 55.1 % against Ips sexdentatus, 62.2 % and 56.9 % against Ips typographus. When applied to harvested wood, efficacy was 51.7 % and 54.0 % against Ips acuminatus on pine and 52.8 % and 57.8 % against Ips typographus on spruce.
State registration of the biopreparation IPSBOVER (Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., strain ILNAN 20-08) has been successfully completed, evidenced by Certificate No. 7718. The state registration number is 06-0137, issued on December 17, 2025. The biopreparation is included in the Addendum to the State register of plant protection products and fertilizers approved for use in the Republic of Belarus dated December 17, 2025. Methods have been developed for the application of the biopreparation using modernized pheromone traps to control bark beetle populations in emerging outbreaks in coniferous stands and to treat harvested pine and spruce wood against stem pests during storage.

The article presents an integrated approach to identifying and spatiotemporally assessing forest loss in the Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park (NP) and the Polessky State Radioecological Reserve (PSRR). For the period 2001–2025, the Random Forest algorithm identified forest loss in the Belovezhskaya Pushcha NP over more than 14.9 kha with a peak period in 2016–2018, and in the PSRR over an area of 16.4 kha with maximums in 2003–2006, 2011–2013, and 2016–2018. A correlation analysis of annual forest loss values and drought climate indices revealed that the KBDI drought index with a one-year time lag for 2001–2019 had the strongest correlation (up to 0.68 in the Belovezhskaya Pushcha NP and 0.78 in the PSRR). The least resilient forests were those on poor sandy soils with insufficient moisture (27.5 % of the forest ecological group, FEG, area lost) and unstable moisture (17.9 %), in particular pine (up to 27.4 %), spruce (up to 18.3 %) and birch (up to 49.9 %). In the PSRR, the least resilient were pine forests on poor sandy soils with insufficient (28.8 % of the FEG area) and unstable moisture (19.2 %). Based on the identified ecological and climatic patterns of forest loss development, an approach to annual forecasting of the potential for forest pathological processes has been developed.

According to the WHO, the risk of developing complications after SARS-CoV-2 infection is 10–20 %. Long COVID leads to a decrease in patients’ quality of life, and changes in immune system reactivity play a significant role in this. This pilot study of the PBMC transcriptome in patients with long COVID using nanopore sequencing aims to provide preliminary data on the functional status of PBMC and identify potential targets for the development of new effective personalized therapies for this disease.

The transcriptome analysis protocol included RNA extraction (GeneJET RNA Purification Kit), DNA removal (DNase I), double-stranded cDNA synthesis (Mint kit-2), sequencing library preparation (SQK-NBD114.24), nanopore sequencing (PromethION 2 Solo, FLO-PRO114M (R10.4.1) cells), basecalling (Dorado), read quality assessment (nanoQC/FastQC), adapter trimming and length/quality filtering (Cutadapt (5.2)/seqkit(2.12.0)), and data preparation for differential gene expression assessment (minimap2 in map-ont mode, samtools (1.10.2), Picard tools (CollectRnaSeqMetrics), featureCounts (2.1.1), biomaRt (2.62.1)), differential expression analysis (RStudio 2025.05.0 Build 418, DESeq2 (1.46.0), pheatmap (1.0.13), dplyr (1.1.4), RColorBrewer (1.1.-3), ggplot2 (3.5.2), ggrepel (0.9.6), apeglm (1.28.0) packages), GSEA-analysis (clusterProfiler (4.14.6), org.Hs.eg.db (3.20.0), enrichplot (1.26.6), DOSE (4.0.1), igraph (2.2.1)), semantic similarity of GO terms (biological process (BP) analysis (REViGO)), BP functional network creation (Cytoscape 3.10.4).

A pilot study of the peripheral blood leukocyte transcriptome in patients with long COVID using nanopore sequencing revealed significant differences in gene expression (n = 2,102) involved in 163 biological processes. Analysis of these changes in activity indicated a significant decrease in the overall functional activity of leukocytes, accompanied by a decrease in proliferative activity, weakening of innate and adaptive immunity, and a restructuring of metabolic processes toward cellular stabilization against the background of increased ribosome biogenesis, activation of oxidative phosphorylation and suppression of proteolysis.

Aliphatic alcohols are among the factors of anthropogenic pollution of aquatic ecosystems. Structural changes in the hepatopancreas of pulmonate freshwater mollusks under their exposure remain insufficiently studied. In this work, a comparative assessment of morphological changes in the hepatopancreas of the ramshorn snail (Planorbarius corneus L.) and the great pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis L.) was performed following acute exposure to aliphatic alcohols with different carbon chain lengths (C1–C6).

The experiment involved a one-hour exposure to solutions of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol-1, and hexanol-1, followed by a 48-hour recovery period. The degree of morphological changes in the hepatopancreas was found to depend on the concentration and type of alcohol. The most pronounced changes were observed following exposure to isopropanol, butanol-1, and hexanol-1. The ramshorn snail was more resistant to alcohol exposure and secreted more mucus, whereas in the great pond snail ethanol stimulated reproductive activity.

The obtained results confirm the high sensitivity of the hepatopancreas of freshwater mollusks to aliphatic alcohols. This justifies the use of morphological changes in the hepatopancreas as a biomarker for the ecotoxicological monitoring of aquatic ecosystems.