The article presents the results of using rhizobial (Bradyrhizobium japonicum BIM В-743) and non-rhizobial (Agrobacterium tumefaciens BIM В-1315 G and Pseudomonas brassicacearum BIM В-1228 D) endophytic soybean bacteria for both seed and vegetative plant treatment on soybean crops in the experimental field of the Polesie Institute of Plant Growing. A positive effect of treating vegetative plants of the ʻVerasʼ soybean variety with endophytes on the amount of green mass (11–34.9 %), root mass (13–26.2 %), number of beans (54.5–83.3 %), mass of 1,000 seeds (6.4–9.6 %), and mass of seeds per 1 m² (29.7–47.7 %) was established. The maximum positive results for all indicators were obtained with combined use of rhizobial and non-rhizobial endophytes.

Pre-sowing inoculation of ʻYaseldaʼ soybean seeds with rhizobial and non-rhizobial endophytic bacteria had a positive effect on plant height (8.1–12.7 %), root mass (16.2–38.9 %), number of beans (71.4–81 %) and 1,000 seed weight (8.9–15.4 %), which ensured an annual economic effect (net additional income per 1 ha) of 595.0 BYN for green mass (excluding VAT) and 3,120.0 BYN for seeds (excluding VAT).

This study examines the historical haplotype composition of the mitochondrial pseudocontrol region in the breeding population of the common buzzard (Buteo buteo) in Belarus, spanning the past century. A molecular genetic analysis of 30 specimens collected between 1928 and 2020 revealed a consistent haplotype profile within the Belarusian population, demonstrating long-term stability in genetic structure. Comparative analyses identified genetic links between this population and broader European groups of the species. Notably, the persistence of low genetic diversity in the Belarusian common buzzards population suggests minimal influence from migration dynamics and historical mass culling campaigns targeting large raptors. These findings highlight the population’s limited exposure to external demographic pressures over time, offering critical insights into its ecological resilience and informing future conservation strategies.

From various types of meat products purchased in Minsk retail chains and stored at room temperature for two days, 8 species of contaminant bacteria were isolated and identified, including, for the first time in Belarus, the Gram- negative bacterium Aureimonas altamirensis. The strain has been included in the Belarusian Collection of Non-Pathogenic Microorganisms at the Institute of Microbiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus under the number BIM B-2045. It has been demonstrated that extracts from the vegetative mass of Momordica charantia L. varieties ‘Indian Pomegranate’,

‘Krymskaya’, and ‘Azhur’ are capable of inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive bacterial strains (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus equorum, Microbacterium paraoxydans) at extract substance concentrations of at least 4 mg/ml. Using the TLC-bioautography method, it was established that the antibacterial activity of the extracts against the Staphylococcus equorum strain 13 is determined by phenolic compounds, glycosides, and flavone aglycones, with the dominant contribution provided by polar flavone aglycones. Inter-varietal differences in these groups of compounds were also demonstrated in the TLC spectra of the extracts, which can be used to determine the varietal affiliation of the plants.

This study investigated the modern gene pool of winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) based on the allelic state of the TaMFT-3A, TaMKK3-A, TaMYB10 (R-1) and TaVp-B1 genes associated with preharvest sprouting (PHS) resistance.

The polymorphism of analyzed material was detected by the TaMKK3-A and TaVp-B1 genes. By the TaMKK3-A gene, 15 accessions (50 %) carried the PhsS-allele, and 15 (50 %) had the PhsR-allele. By the TaVp-B1 gene, 6 accessions (20 %) exhibited the PhsS-allele, while 14 (80 %) possessed the PhsR-allele. The breeding material was monomorphic by the TaMFT-3A and TaMYB10 (R-1) genes. At the SNP –222 locus of TaMFT-3A, all accessions carried the PhsS-allele. Additionally, all samples displayed a distinct red grain color, associated with the presence of PhsR-alleles of the TaMYB10 (R-1) gene. As a result of the DNA marking of the modern wheat gene pool for the TaMFT-3A, TaMKK3-A, and TaVp-B1 genes, along with the visual grain color assessment (TaMYB10 (R-1)), 14 potentially most PHS-resistant accessions were identified, carrying the most favorable allelic combinations by all the genes analyzed.

The data obtained can be applied in the practical breeding of winter bread wheat for improved preharvest sprouting resistance.

The paper presents the key stages of obtaining recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in Escherichia coli cells. The stages of constructing and cloning the gene in the pET24b(+) vector under the T7 bacteriophage promoter are described. A potential strain producing the recombinant protein based on E. coli BL21-Gold(DE3) was constructed, capable of producing a soluble form of TNF-α in an amount exceeding 30 % of the total cellular protein. Purification of the target protein was carried out using tandem ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Biological activity of the obtained protein was determined using the standard protocol for the production of biomedical cell products based on dendritic cells (DC). The viability of DC was established, which did not differ in the control and experimental groups and exceeded 90 %. At the same time, the TNF-α sample is characterized by increased expression of mature DC marker molecules CD83 and HLA-DR. The obtained data indicate high immunobiological activity in comparison with the available commercial preparation and the potential for import substitution.

Based on the results of a survey of spruce forests in Belarus during 2010–2023, provides data on the area of foci and the incidence of the main pathological factors in spruce forests – bark beetles and root rot. It is noted that the incidence of bark beetle drying increases when moving from the north to the south of the Republic, and root rot – in the opposite direction. Since the 1980s, the epicenter of root rot epiphytosis in spruce forests has moved from the spruce-hornbeam oak grove subzone to the oak-dark coniferous forest subzone.

Based on the results of a survey of 7 forestry enterprises in the northwest of the Republic, which was conducted in 2023, using mathematical-statistical methods of analysis, it was found that such forestry and taxation parameters of stands as the average age of the stand, the proportion of spruce in the stand and the indicator of the potential productivity of the stand (bonitet) affect the occurrence of bark beetle and root rot outbreaks in spruce forests. The occurrence of these pathologies increases with the age of the stand, the proportion of spruce in the stand and its productivity. Possible reasons for the influence of forestry factors on the development of bark beetle and root rot outbreaks in stands are described. From a practical point of view, to increase the sustainability of forests, it is advisable to use such forestry techniques as: regulating the age of felling of stands; introducing admixtures of other species into the composition of stands; choosing areas with increased soil moisture for growing spruce forests and regulating their water regime; as well as a combination of several of the above techniques on the same site.

The work gives an idea of the anatomical changes taking place in the root endings of Picea abies during the introduction of the mushroom component. The lignification and suberization of primary cortical tissues with barrier and protective functions are asynchronous. The main functional messengers of the molecular consolidation system are contained in the ectoderm and mesoderm, but are absent in the barrier cells of the endoderm. Pelotons are found in the passage cells of the endoderm, in the parenchyma of the axial cylinder, and are visual indicators of the functional activity of the mycorrhizal root end. Based on the use of microscopy, instrumental chemical analysis, modeling, and the comparative method, a possible model for the consolidation of heterogeneous organisms in the model system “Picea abies – ectomycorrhizal fungi” has been presented. Fine molecular adjustments of various types of radial transport of substances, exchange of biopolymers of the group of nitrogen-containing polysaccharides, create the driving force for changing the properties of the upper soil profile in the projection of the crown of Picea abies. The carried research can be used to further study the reasons for the formation of the modern distribution area of the Picea abies in Belarus.

The article describes the results of research work carried out for the first time by the “Landscape architecture” laboratory of the Institute of Dendrology of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Azerbaijan. From 2019 to 2024, scientific expeditions were organized in the parks and gardens of Absheron. Observations were made, herbariums were collected, and plants were photographed. The study examined taxonomic composition and origin of ornamental trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants; forms of creating compositions; rules for grouping plants in compositions according to biological and decorative characteristics; prospects for using plants in various plantings; rules for the use of small architectural forms, forms of pruning trees and shrubs; design of a Japanese gardens. In the parks and gardens of Absheron, the creation of various forms of compositions in a regular style – geometric shapes (rectangle, square, circle, rhombus, etc.) and in a landscape or landscape style – original forms (flower bed, labyrinth, buta, etc.) has been studied). In geometric compositions, evergreen trees and shrubs are planted in the center of the composition, while herbaceous plants are planted along the edges. In original compositions, ornamental shrubs and herbaceous plants arranged in a landscape style, flower beds of annual, biennial and perennial plants are used. The research revealed that ornamental plants adapt well to the conditions of Absheron are promising, and are recommended for use in landscape design, in the design of parks, gardens, and public gardens in Absheron.