The influence of long-term electrical stimulation on the functional properties of cells in culture was investigated. C6 rat glioma cells and HeLa human adenocarcinoma cells were used in this work. Stimulation was carried out with uniform electric field for 12 hours with the train of pulses at a frequency of 10 Hz. Measurements of membrane potential were conducted using patch-clamp technique; the proliferative activity was evaluated by cell counting relative to control sample. It was shown that electrical stimulation causes a change in membrane potential of the cells and subsequent changes in their proliferative activity. It was established that membrane depolarisation increases proliferative activity whereas hyperpolarization decreases it. It was established that the effect depends on the parameters of the electric field and the type of cells. The observed effect is associated with activation of potential-dependent ion channels, resulting in changes of the specific phase duration in the cell cycle. The obtained results can be used in development methods of cell engineering.

For the investigations on the territory of Belarus of stability, dynamics and making prognosis of development of metapopulations of the epyphitic moss Neckera pennata Hedw., included in the Red Data Book of Belarus and also protected in Europe, the dynamics of six metapopulations of this species was studied. The influence of such parameters as tree trunk diameter, tree inclination, and depth of bark crevices on the relative cover of this moss and its average annual increase was confirmed. The optimal values of these parameters for the growth of N. pennata were revealed. The coefficient of optimality for every metapopulation, which estimation gives possibility to predict quantitatively its development, and also the factor of dependence of increase on the parameters of host trees, ability and connectivity – R_i , between which strong correlation was revealed, were proposed. Non-linear dependence of the average relative annual increase on R_i for the separate tree species was established. The investigations enabled to do more accurate prognosis of the development of N. pennata metapopulations in the next two years.

The fragment of BRRV isolate from Belarus (BRRV-BY1) was sequenced for the first time and nucleotide sequence of this isolate was deposited in GenBank with the accession No. LN998983. Sequence analysis revealed that the Belarusian isolate shared 94.1–99.3 % identity with 18 isolates of the virus available in GenBank. BRRV isolate from Belarus was mostly closely related to those from the USA (accession Nos JF917083 and JF917082) as they shared 99.3 % nucleotide identity. Phylogenetic analysis showed that clustering of investigated isolates didn’t depend on their geographical origin.

The influence of Nitropirin® (NP), which is a mixture of the key enzyme cofactors of assimilation of inorganic nitrogen-nitrate reductase (NR) on enzyme activity in 7-day barley grown on the surface of the water, in the face of increasing male-content protein as well as in conditions of salinity produced by NaCl were investigated. Growing plants on solutions of NP increased general activity NR on 21 % and its active form at 76 %. Substrate induction NR using KNO₃ (20 mm), leading to increased male-content of protein, increased in the presence of the NP NR activity an average of 60 %, which may indicate a limit the HP activity at the level of its cofactors as normal and when you increase the enzyme content. In the presence of KNO₃ and HP Activator (exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid) NP contributed to high salt tolerance of barley plants grown on NaCl solutions (150 mm), in the early stages of vegetation that was manifested in the stimulation of growth processes, increase the activity of NR and proline content, as well as in reducing AFC, detektiruemom on the ability of plants to generate the superoxide anion radical. 

It was studied the effect of external radiation (1.0 Gy) on the reproductive system of male rats. It is established that in the initial period after irradiation, acceleration of the process of spermatogenesis is observed, which is confirmed by an increase in the number of spermatogonia, preleptotene spermatocytes, and spermatocytes of the first order and round spermatids. Simultaneously, a decrease in the number of epididymal spermatozoa and their viability, a significant death of mature sex cells by apoptosis and necrosis. The activity of GDD and acrosin in epididymal spermatozoa decreases on the 3rd day after irradiation, while in the long-term period the activity of GFDG does not differ from control at an increased level of acrosin (almost 2.8 times). The deterioration of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of epididymal spermatozoa in irradiated animals, apparently, will lead to a decrease in the fertility of experimental animals.

Wild allotetraploid potato species from Mexico Solanum stoloniferum Schltdl. (series Longipedicellata) is considered to be a source of the range of valuable for breeding genes. Nevertheless, natural reproductive barriers between S. stoloniferum and cultivated potatoes considerably hamper introgression of genes of this species into breeding material. We were the first who demonstrated earlier the possibility of production of diploid hybrids in crosses between S. stoloniferum and S. tuberosum diploid lines that can substantially simplify this process. However, it is not clear which of the wild species genes situated on different genomes may be transferred to diploid interspecific hybrids. The purpose of the study was to select wild species genotypes with the widest range of DNA-markers of LB- and PVY-resistance genes. They will be used in crosses with S. tuberosum diploid lines to investigate the transfer of the markers along with A (or B) genome of the wild species to diploid hybrids as well as in application of other methods of involvement of S. stoloniferum into breeding. As a result of study 26 accessions of wild allotetraploid species S. stoloniferum, the PI 205522 had been selected carrying markers of Rpi-sto1, Ry-sto and Ry-fsto genes. Lack of segregation on the markers in offspring from self-pollination of PI 205522 indicated about homozygous state of these genes. Sequence of the part of the 1521/518 marker in PI 205522 had shown its homology (99 %) with known sequences of genes Rpi-sto1 of S. stoloniferum and Rpi-blb1 of S. bulbocastanum of the accessions of these species having high LB-resistance.

Using HPLC, absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy methods it was shown that incubation of thiamine with myoglobin and hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution resulted in formation of thiochrome, oxodihydrothiochrome, and thiaminedisulfide. If tyrosine or paracetamol are present in incubation mixture besides metmyoglobin, hydrogen peroxide, and thiamine we observed significant growth of thiochrome yield and formation of oxodihydrothiochrome and thiaminedisulfide decreased. At high excesses of paracetamol or tyrosine the production of oxodihydrothiochrome and thiamine disulfide were inhibited and thiochrome was the only product of thiamine oxidation. In comparison to thiamine, its phosphate esters (thiamine monophosphate and thiamine diphosphate) are stable in presence of metmyoglobin and hydrogen peroxide and even prolonged times of incubation did not lead to their oxidative transformations. However, addition of monophenol compounds to the incubation mixture leads to oxidation of thiamine phosphate esters to the corresponding thiochrome phosphates. From the other side, formation of tyrosine dimers as well as paracetamol dimers and oligomers is lowered down in presence of thiamine and its phoshate esters. Mechanism of coupled oxidation of thiamine and its phosphate esters with oxidation of monophenols in peroxidase reaction catalyzed by metmyoglobin and hydrogen peroxide is discussed.

Invasive potential and control effectiveness were evaluated on 23 North American alien weed species within plantations of American cranberry (Oxycoccus macrocarpos) in two districts of the Brest region in Belarus. Among the 23 alien species, after three years (2011–2014) of control efforts, 3 species have reduced their populations, 7 have maintained stable low populations, 10 have retained consistently high populations, and 3 species have increased population size and moved into natural plant communities. As a result of intensification of control measures in 2015–2016 the number of invasive alien species was reduced considerably. However, Persicaria sagittata and Lycopus uniflorus demonstrated resistance to the control measures and their projected cover within plantations and wet peat land forest communities could reach 40 % in certain areas.

The description of a complex scale of determination of plants introduction in Mangistau desert arid conditions is given. It includes following 24 diagnostic features: 1) biological stability, 2) arts and habitually properties, 3) reproductive ability, and 4) economic-biological and scientific importance. The results of its approbation by the example of 155 species and forms of indigenous flora and flora from other regions are provided. Special computer program – DinCeR is proposed. Program allow to diagnose prospects of introduction and to enter in the computer’s memory a variety of registration information about the plants, forming lists for families and genera, to prepare seeds delektus, to select the plant list baswd on bioecological, decorative, landscaping and reproductive characteristics. All stored data can be sent to print in the database information on the taxa database, server, e-mail or exported to external editors in various graphical and text formats. The ability to program the output geographic location of the plant on interactive Yandex map online at predetermined coordinates in the GPS format or decimal degrees is also implemented in DinCeR. There are 814 entries for the collection of exotic species from 5 taxonomic divisions, 8 classes, 11 subclasses, nadporyadkov 24, 49 orders, 8 suborder, 49 families and 111 botanical genera are in the electronic database of the program at this time. Certificate of state registration of the copyright is received for the program from Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan # 2339 dated 14 December 2015.

The research on the use of industrial waste to obtain practically valuable microbial metabolites was intensified. Oilcontaining waste are cheap and available in necessary for use in microbial technologies quantities. Nevertheless in the literature there are only a few reports about the possibility of their application as substrates for the biosynthesis of microbial polysaccharides. To investigate the synthesis of exopolysaccharide eрtapolan (produser – Acinetobacter sp. IMV B-7005) on waste (fried) oil of various qualities (with different ratios of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids). It was established that the highest ethapolan concentration (11–14 g/l) was observed under Acinetobacter sp. IMV B-7005 cultivation on waste after frying meat sunflower and corn oils at concentration 5 %, with using inoculum grown on refined oils. Replacing these oils in the cultivation medium on olive and rapeseed accompanied by some decrease in EPS concentrations (to 9‒10 g/l), the EPS-synthesizing ability was higher in several times (6.3–7.6 g EPS/ g biomass). The possibility of exopolysaccharide ethapolan biosynthesis on waste vegetable oils, characterized by a high content of polyunsaturated (sunflower, corn) and monounsaturated (olive, rapeseed) fatty acids was shown.

The data on the seasonal growth and development of the Korean Chrysanthemum in the collection of the Central Botanical Garden of NAS of Belarus are presents. The results of introductions of varieties of foreign selection are given. Phenological observations of the development of Korean chrysanthemum (the beginning of active growth, budding, flowering). The groups under considiration were formed according to the phenological time of flowering, height of the bush, the color and types of inflorescences. The dependence of the flowering period and the abundance of flowering of Korean chrysanthemum on climatic conditions is described. The results of a comprehensive assessment of decorative and economic-biological qualities based on the method of variety evaluation of floral cultures are presented. It was the old, and the Korean chrysanthemum 31 varieties recommended for the green construction of Belarus.

This review (consisting of 2 parts) deals with the subjects of nature, properties, organization and functioning of the circadian rhythm and its importance in the regulation of physiological processes. Molecular and genetic aspects of the biological clock and its interrelation with lipid metabolism are also considered. Metabolic circadian rhythms are among the most important processes in an organism. It is established that there is a direct relationship between synchronicity and the processes of regulation of synthesis, absorption and secretion of lipids. The connection is observed at several levels: biochemical, molecular and genetic. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the circadian rhythm on the functioning and structure of skin and fat tissues which, in its turn, have autonomous circadian oscillators. In this case, the watch genes regulate the activity of numerous tissue-specific genes, thereby translating the daily information into physiologically significant signals. Considerable part of the work is devoted to the issues of desynchronizes, its causes and consequences. Diurnal disorders caused by external or internal factors can lead to disruption of the organism’s regulatory systems, which represents the development of metabolic disorders and tissue damage, which, in turn, can lead to maladaptation of the organism.

This paper considers the mechanism of how molecular oxygen is formed in the process of plant photosynthesis as a result of water molecule oxidation in the structure of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) in chloroplast membranes. We have implemented the entire complex of investigations of the OEC starting with the development of the innovation methods for its isolation and analysis of its properties and ending with the establishment of its molecular structure and mechanism of its functioning. We have shown for the first time that the OEC consists of two monomeric pigment-lipoprotein complexes of photosystem 2 (PLPC PS-2) that are associated by the mirror symmetry rule into a dimeric structure as a result of their hydrophobic interaction. It has been ascertained that this association zone is the place of the formation of the hydrophobic boiler that stabilizes the water-oxidizing center (WOC), which is located inside this boiler. The research into the regularities of the functioning of the OEC has enabled us to advance and substantiate the concept of the two-anode organization of its WOC that is formed as a result of the opposite facing of two functional Mn cations, each of which is built into the system of photochemical electron transfer and undergoes photo-oxidation in the structure of the PLPC PS-2 of the dimeric OEC. The two-anode action of the WOC implements the possibility of the synchronous oxidation of two water molecules at once with the formation of O₂. The mechanism has been proposed, according to which the stages of the four-quanta oxidation of the functional Mn cations are accompanied by their photo-hydrolysis, Ca²⁺-activated formation of a dihydroxide associate [Mn⁴⁺ (OH)···(HO) Mn⁴⁺], and the reaction of electron density disproportionation in this associate with O₂ evolution and with reduction of manganese cations to Mn²⁺. The thermodynamic efficiency of the reaction is determined by the optimal conditions for the formation of a cylindrically symmetric σ-π-bond between the oxygen atoms in the formed O₂ molecules. The developed mechanism has been confirmed by the quantum-chemical analysis and can find use in the design of molecular oxygen generators based on artificial structures.