Physiological effects of low doses of glyphosate are studied on the seedlings of three different crops – spring barley, flax and winter rape. The dose-response dependence is found for each culture in a wide range of concentrations of N-phosphonomethylglycine. Specific and varietal specificity of growth responses to incrustation of seed by glyphosate is identified.

The dynamics of changing leaves of bearded iris on the example of 12 hybrid varieties of iris (Iris hybrida Hort.) foreign selection was studded. Confirmed the existence of two growth periods of leaves: spring-summer and late summer-autumn, as well as some varieties of a short period of rest in between. The dependence of the duration of the appearance of leaves late summer-autumn on the time of generation of breeding varieties. It was shown that the second period of growth in the studied varieties interrupted forced rest.

Lighting with the use of red and blue light-emitting diodes (LED) causes a slight decrease in photosystem II activity due to an adaptation of photosynthetic apparatus in cucumber plants. Applied lighting generally does not have a significant effect on leaf area and dry weight of plants. However, intensification of growth under blue LEDs alone takes place. Red narrowband light induces antioxidant and anti-pathogenic protection in cucumber plants. The obtained results can be applied or optimization of the growing conditions of greenhouse plants.

The extracting properties of various organic solvents is studied. The significance of using a mixture of castor oil with 96% ethanol for a more complete extraction of carotenoids from plant material and to create inexpensive environmentally safe anti-inflammatory drug with antioxidant properties is established. It is suggested to use Canadian goldenrod blossoms as unlimited raw resource, to reduce the spread of this extended invasive species.

There were obtained the experimental data with the possibility of using Red/Ox-enzymes as biochemical markers for rapid assessment of stress-resistant to abiotic factors of grape varieties, and identify promising varieties of grapes for introducing them into industrial culture. Found that the biochemical parameters characterizing Red/Ox-plant system (activity of isoenzymes of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) are informative experimental data for rapid assessment of stress resistance and biological plasticity plants grapes. Active Red/Ox- enzymes due to varietal specificity of grapes and largely depends on the intensity and duration of exposure factors stress factors. The greatest resistance when abiotic stress (water deficit, lower temperatures and insufficient illumination) showed grapes North American breeding, in particular, Marquette and Marshal Foch, correlating with the change in activity of Red/Oxenzymes. Found that resistant grape varieties compared with the susceptible, are initially more high Red/Ox-enzymes (isoenzymes of peroxidase and superoxide-dismutase) and a better mechanism for their implementation. According to biochemical, morphological and biometrical studies in European breeding grapes (Krasen) obtained from grapes V. vinifera, Marked lower adaptability to stress factors compared to more labile and plastic strains of the American group.

Content of protein, cellulose and lignin in the straw substrate at different stages of oyster mushroom large-scale cultivation have been investigated. After whole cycle of Pleurotus ostreatus growth in the solid-state culture quantity of crude protein and true protein in the substrate increased 3.3 and 2.8 times respectively. The content of insoluble fibers in the straw decreased 3 times, quantity of lignin reduced 1.4 times. Activity of enzymes in the substrate after 2–3 waves of fructification was the following (U/g): cellulase – 23.4–27.3, manganese peroxidase – 0.11–0.23, laccase – 0.87–1.39. It was established that feeding of calves straw waste of oyster mushroom industrial cultivation cause positive effect on consumption of diet nutrients. Presence in the waste substrate of cellulolytic and lignolytic enzymes opens new opportunities in fodder manufacturing to promote digestibility of forages.

Material dedicated to development of Belarusian collection of non-pathogenic microorganisms, main ways of its activity, received results and prospects was represented. Significance of collection in the establishment of modern industrial microbiology based on last scientific and technical achievements was demonstrated.

The study of morphological traits of the varieties of large cranberry allows to establish clear specifications for their identification. Observations of the 43 varieties from the collection of Gantsevichi experimental base allow to conclude that they differ in shape, size and mass of the berries. 6 shapes of the berry can be clearly distinguished: globular, globoid, ellipsoidal, oblongellipsoidal, obovoid and bell-shaped. Different variations of the ellipsoidal shape among the studied varieties are encountered the most often. Globoid shape of the berry is characteristic for 7 of the 43 varieties available in the collection, ellipsoidal – for 15, oblong-ellipsoidal – for 9. The differences between these shapes are determined both visually and by correlation between the height and diameter of the berry (1.11–1.13, 1.13–1.17 and 1.20–1.31, accordingly). 7 other varieties have globular shape of the berry (height to diameter ratio of the berry is equal or very close to 1: 0.95–1.05), 4 varieties – obovoid (the base of the berry is narrower and sharper) and 1 variety – bell-shaped. The varieties with a similar shape of the berry differ in size and mass of the fruits.

Using two dimensional gel-electrophoresis method it was shown that blood plasma proteomic profiles are different for patients with various subtypes of breast cancer. Identified differences consist in the appearance of additional new proteins and changes in the expression of proteins present in norm on blood plasma proteomic maps of patients with breast cancer as compared to donors.

In this work we study the effect of amyloid fibrils on lipid bilayer of human lymphocyte membranes using lipophilic fluorescent probes. The results suggest that amyloid fibrils of lysozyme could interact with lymphocytes in vitro and cause changes in the microviscosity of cells lipid bilayer.

The method of estimating the transfer of pollutants from forest fires in the radioactively contaminated areas is presented in the article. The method is based on a comparative analysis of climatic, forestry, and the long-term data of radiation monitoring. It is experimentally proved that the forest fires in the radioactively contaminated zones are an additional source of air contamination by radionuclides. It was found that the excess of the reference values of beta activity of 137Cs in the air possible during the crown fires and large ground fires on territories with the density of radioactive contamination above 555 kBa/m2.

Dynamics of synthesis and distribution in the system cell-environment of lactococcal antigens (4 strains) was investigated by direct and competitive ELISA. It was found that lactococcal antigens include intracellular, cell wall and secretory biopolymers. It was shown that lactococcal antigens are synthesized and distributed in the system cell-environment in dependence on strain, stage of culture growth and media composition. The data will find an application in biotechnology of probiotics.

Numerous microbial oil-degrading species are known as constituents of biopreparations used for disposal of emergency leakages of petroleum and its refining products. Yet, they show only minor effect with respect to hyper viscous crude oil. Elevated decomposing microbial associations lays the basis for further research and development of efficient biopreparation for degradation of heavy oil originating from Belarusian fields.

The positive effect of cucumber seed biopriming with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on vigor, length of hypocotyl, length and weight of the roots, the content of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids in plants grown under salt stress (50 mM NaCl), compared to seedlings not treated with ALA, has been demonstrated.

Action of the exogenous beta-aminobutyric acid (BABA) on plants of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) variety Magutni in the conditions of vegetative pot experiment was investigated. On a phase of 4th-leave a plants was treated by a solution containing water-soluble polymer and BABA, and in 1 and 9 days their was infected by mushroom Bipolaris sorokiniana. On 21 day after the first treatment the plants which have reached of a phase of heading, sprayed once again a solution of polymer with BABA. Degree of deseased plants, morphology, the content of photosynthetic pigments and a grain crop were estimated. Improvement of morphological and photosynthetic characteristics against infection and increase in weight of grain from one plant is established priming action of the exogenous BABA on the barley plants, caused decrease in degree of infection by mushrooms Bipolaris sorokiniana.

The aim of this study is to identify the mechanisms of reactive oxygen and chlorine species generation by phagocytes in the presence of protein CHI3L1. It has been established, that CHI3L1 addition leads to the decrease of phagocytes oxygen activating ability. CHI3L1 can regulate free- radical processes in phagocytes through interaction with reactive oxygen and chlorine species and enhancement of myeloperoxidase secretion.

Twelve bacterial cultures including six Pseudomonas strains were isolated from plant material (leaves of strawberry). Morphological, physiological and biochemical properties of isolated cultures were examined. By combination of classical methods of diagnostics and techniques of molecular genetics such as 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis three Pseudomonas strains were identified. Prevalence of Pseudomonas among natural bacterial populations and wide metabolic activity of the genus were confirmed.

Taxonomic affiliation of the 21 phytopathogenic bacterial cultures isolated from the Jerusalem artichoke tubers with signs of bacteriosis was established based on results of examination of morphological and physiological-biochemical properties and data of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Examined strains were identified as Pseudomonas sp., Stenotrophomonas sp., Serratia sp., Ewingella americana, Xanthomonas sp., Rahnella sp. It was shown that analyzed cultures produce extracellular enzymes (proteases, cellulases, lipases, amylases), involved in the development of bacteriosis in plants.

The article describes the influence of bacteria different strains of genus Pseudomonas on growth parameters of clonally propagated birch (clone Bp3f1) during the process of adaptation to soil conditions was investigation. It was shown that the treatment of microbial preparations of rhizosphere microorganisms enhanced the growth and increased the survival rate of icropropagated plants. Experiments have shown that the use of Pseudomonas strains, has a positive effect on plant development. As a result of the experiments were selected the most promising bacterial strains to be used in further studies.

The food spectrum of alien species of fishes (the tubenose goby (Neogobius gymnotrachelus) and the racer goby (Proterorhinus marmoratus)) from the lower Dnieper River in Bragin region (Belorussia) was researched. Dominant position in the diet of the tubenose goby is among zoobenthic organisms (89.6 %): larvaes of chironomid and bugs, amphipod crustaceans. The preferred food category for the racer goby is zooplankton (64.3 %), represented by cladocera. The degree of similarity of the food spectrum analysis showed, that competition in the diet among these species is not high (35.5 %).

The literature review describes the role of extracellular adenosine in formation of immunosuppressive adenosinergic microenvironment of solid tumors. Hypoxia-induced accumulation of extracellular adenosine in 50–100 μM concentration (cf the normal 10–100 nM) is a pathophysiological indicator of a broad spectrum of human malignant neoplastic diseases. Four types of cell surface receptors for adenosine as the signal molecule have been revealed. Upon activation the receptors cause inhibition of effector functions of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, native killers and macrophages playing a key part in antitumor immune response. The author of the review proposed the idea to remove the procancer shield from immune attack using adenosine deaminase fused with annexin A5. It was postulated that such chimeric protein injected into the body of cancer patient will bind exclusively with tumor cells and disrupt adenosine protecting them from cancerostatic immune action.