The stimulatory effect of ultra high frequency low power electromagnetic field on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites by the callus cultures of white flowers race Silybum marianum L. was detected. The response level of the S. marianum callus cells was depended on the cell dedifferentiation degree.

The non-profit Center for Plant Conservation (CPC) makes a significant contribution to conservation and restoration of the rare native plants of the United States. Since 1984 it has worked to build a vigorous national network of professionally staffed conservation programs by involving public botanical gardens and arboreta. These institutions work hands-on to monitor, protect and restore these species in the wild. Each institution dedicates expert staff time, including scientists and horticulturalists, and facilities, and follows CPC's scientific standards and protocols to ensure best conservation practices. Working closely with federal and state conservation agencies, this model has increased capacity for quality stewardship and helped advance the science and practice of plant conservation. This program model may be applicable to many other areas of the world as we struggle to meet increasing challenges in managing and sustaining plant diversity.

The effect of sterilizing compounds on the viability of explants rhododendrons introduced into culture in vitro. It was shown that the yield of viable explants depends on the type of sterilant compound and from species belonging plant and the type of explant. Optimal sterilizing compound for 8 seeds introduced species rhododendrons should be considered as 0.1 % solution of silver nitrate with an exposure of 5 minutes, to the kidneys - 0.1 % solution of mercuric chloride and the diacid by exposure to 8 minutes.

C and higher soil pH values will reduce the species' survival rate. This suggests that Oriental bittersweet will most likely not spread into the northern half of Minnesota (Plant Hardiness Zones 4a or colder) or into the western parts of the state where soil pH values are higher than 7.5.

The University of Minnesota Landscape Arboretum's Pinus collection is an important global resource for plant conservation and was accepted into the North American Plant Collection Consortium (NAPCC) in December, 2011. The NAPCC is a program of the American Public Garden Association in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the National Arboretum. The Minnesota Landscape Arboretum has the official responsibility of collecting and preserving the Pine Collection and the genetic resources it represents. The 271 managed specimens in the collection have high conservation value and more species will be added as wild collected seed from known locations are incorporated into the collection. The Arboretum's Pinus collection functions to meet the 5 main objectives of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation(GSPC): 1. Plant diversity is well understood, documented and recognized. 2. Plant diversity is urgently and effectively conserved. 3. Plant diversity is used in a sustainable and equitable manner. 4. Education and awareness about plant diversity, its role in sustainable livelihoods and importance to all life on Earth is promoted. 5. The capacities and public engagement necessary to implement the strategy have been developed.

The study of some antioxidant compounds of fruits and berries of cultivated and wild species has allowed to develop a method for producing complex, environmentally safe dietary supplements, including a two-stage extraction and the emulsi-fication process, which achieves the union as part of a single substance of lipophilic and hydrophilic bioactive compounds. This method makes it possible to obtain useful for the human and animal food additives and makes better use of valuable components of fruits and leaves of plants.

It is shown that the waterlogging of seedlings of different winter wheat varieties in model conditions usually leads to a lengthening of the first leaf, which is accompanied by slower growth of the roots and which indicates the apparent tolerance of seedlings to such stress. During waterlogging the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase in the roots of seedlings increases in variety-specific manner by increasing the expression level of its both constitutive and inducible isoforms. It is suggested that the total activity of alcohol dehydrogenase and the expression level of genes encoding some of its isoforms, can be used to identify cultivars of winter wheat possessing high true tolerance to waterlogging.

Activity of caspase-3, exposition of phosphatidylserine on the surface and viability were studied in young fraction of erythrocytes exposed to oxidative stress as well as in old cell fraction. It was shown that oxidative stress in erythrocytes, caused by short-term incubation with 2 mM tert-butylhydroperoxide, led to activation of caspase-3, redistribution of phospha-tidylserine from inner to outer membrane leaflets as well as significant decrease viability of young cells. All together this data suggest about initiation of eryptosis by a calcium-independent manner activated via oxidative stress in vitro.

, but there the decline of intensity of lipids oxidization processes was observed, that supposes participation of other components of the antioxidant system in AFO neutralizing. The positive effect of the cooperative action of the hyperthermia and the pathogen on functional activity of PS 2 in the chloroplast membranes is revealed.

Hypersensitivity of Spirulina platensis to change of the spectral composition of LED lighting has been revealed. It is shown that the regulation of the synthesis of phycocyanin is determined by the spectral composition of photosynthetically active light.

The study identified cry1-determinants of natural bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis strains BIM B-787 A and BIM B-335 D, producing Cry1E and Cry1A toxins. cry1E gene with promoter and terminator sequence was amplified and cloned into a plas-mid vector that is not able to be transferred by conjugation into the cells of other organisms, and has a narrow range of bacterial hosts. Shows the insecticidal activity of bacteria B. subtilis 168 containing the plasmid with the cry1E gene, transcription of which was provided by two independent promoter sequences.

-furfuryladenosine, 5-fluorouridine and their arabinofuranoside deri-vates from a-D-pentose-1-phosphates and nucleobases was demonstrated.

It was studied the effect of irradiation (0.5 Gy), immobilization stress (3 hours/day for 7 days), and their combined effect on the reproductive system of male rats. The action of these factors, individually or together caused a significant imbalance quantitative composition of the spermatogenic cells in the testis tissue, marked decrease the viability of epididymal spermato -zoa, and increased DNA fragmentation in them, which may result in reduced fertility of animals. Under these influences reproductive disorders save for a long time. In some cases, the effects of the combined action of irradiation and immobilization stress is significantly higher than the isolated action of each of them.

The possibility of enzymatic phosphorolysis of 3'(2')-fluoro-deoxyribofuranosyl uridine/deoxyribofuranosyl thymidine 3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyribofuranosyl uridine/dideoxyribofuranosyl thymidine, 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxyxylofuranosyl uridine was demonstrated. Using the corresponding enzymes such nucleosides as 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxyribofuranosyl adenine, 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxyribofuranosyl-2-aminoadenine, 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxyribofuranosyl guanine, 3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyribofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine, 3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyribofuranosyl-2-chloroadenine etc. were produced. 2'-deoxyribofuranosyl-5-fluorouracil synthesis catalyzed by mutant pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase T. thermophilus has been presented.

Assessed daily activity of small rodents in forest habitats and open grass in warm and cold periods. Determined that they are active in almost all hours, but there are some intervals with a little more activity. Voles in the warm season more active during daylight, and in the cold season - at dusk and at night, kind of mouse Apodemus - in the dark, and vole genus Microtus-day. Distribution of such things daily activity species of small rodents allows little conflict related to the same residences, primarily for food.

, respectively. LPO can be used as a biopreservative agent in food, feed specialties, cosmetics and related products.

The results of phytosanitary monitoring of Blackcurrant reversion virus on the three years old plants of black currant mother plantations (super-super elite, A class) grown in the field of the Department of Biotechnology of the Institute for Fruit Growing are presented in the paper. It was determined that IC-RT-PCR technique with primers BRAV5/BRAV6 can be successfully used for detection of Belarusian isolates of BRV. The estimated low level of latent BRV infection was 4.4 %. Occurrence of the virus varied on the cultivar of black currant.

The article contains information about specific composition and abundance of land snails in asp forests of Belorussian Lakeland. In total 41 species of land snails were found. The results of cluster analysis indicate a valuable difference between land snails communities of different types of asp forests.

Important indicators of quality eggs is the amount accumulated in the proteins and lipids that affect the success of embryo development. Processes of growth and development of fish embryos actually learn from a biochemical point of view, namely, as the dynamics of the accumulation and use of tissue protein in it - the main structural component of cell embryo. Relevant issues of energy supply of these processes during embryogenesis. In this context, the aim of this study was to determine the features of the dynamics of proteins and total lipids during embryonic development of carp. The amount of protein and total lipids after fertilization eggs is reduced by almost two times, which is associated with the processes of proteolysis and cell division, which requires a considerable amount of energy. At subsequent stages of embryonic development occurs resynthesis of protein, resulting in its quantity increases. Because of the preparation for hatching eggs and destruction of membranes, the amount of protein in the final stages of development of eggs decreases. Whereas the amount of total lipids during embryonic development of carp remains approximately at the same level, rising after hatching, in relation to ensuring the viability prelarvae to its transition to exogenous feeding.

The review is concerned with thionins, which, along with other antimicrobial proteins play an important role in plant defense against pathogens. In this review the current understanding of the structure, functions, classification and mechanisms of action of thionins, especially their distribution in different parts of the plant are discussed, as well as some aspects of the biosynthesis, regulation and interaction of thionins with other protective proteins. Particular attention is paid to barley leaf thio-nins. The results of and prospects for the use of thionins in the plant cultivation and in the practical medicine are considered.