Physiological and biochemical characteristics of two varieties of winter wheat seedlings with red (Et W5) and green (Vladi) coleoptiles have been studied. Variety Et W5 with high content of anthocyanins (on average 412 ± 52 μmol/g fr wt), chlorophylls (Chl) and carotenoids and a low level of heme and proline in coleoptiles had high frost resistance (88 % of surviving plants exposed to temperatures of ‒8 °C for 5 h at the age of 7 days) and a high ability to continue growth and development after undergoing cooling. Variety Vladi with a low content of anthocyanins (on average 12.5 ± 1.2 μmol/g fr wt), Chl and carotenoids, but a higher level of heme and proline in coleoptiles compared to varieties Et W5 had low level of frost resistance (80 % of surviving plants) and was characterized by a low ability to continue growth and development after undergoing cooling. Soaking wheat seeds in a solution of exogenous ALA (50 mg/l) for 2 h before sowing increased the germination of seeds of both varieties, enhanced the length of plants of the Et W5 variety by 10 %, 1.4 times the content of anthocyanins in the coleoptiles of this variety plants and also increased their frost resistance up to 97 %. Under action of ALA frost resistance of Vladi seedlings increased up to 93 %.

The Vacciniaceae family introduction carry out by the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus since 1980. It made it possible to give rise the new direction for the republic – the industrial berry growing. To increase the efficiency of high-quality planting material obtaining it is necessary to study the fundamental processes underlying the growth and development of plants and to establish the possible ways of their regulation. It is of current interest to confirm the conformity of the planting material to the declared variety (the genetic passports elaboration). The biotechnology development promotes a new approaches and technologies for studying and analyzing of a plant organism genome and proteome. For the first time the molecular genetic identification for Vaccinium corymbosum L. varieties were carried out by Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) system. This method of DNA certification makes it possible to check the cultivar conformity of the blueberry planting material. For the first time by 2D electrophoresis the proteomic maps of leaf tissue were obtained and the proteomic status of four highbush blueberry varieties – in vitro culture and parental plants (in vivo) was estimated. The species and varieties specificity of the expressed genome products were established. The proteins that claims to be markers for the Vaccinium species and the variety markers were identified for the first time, as well as the physiological state markers of high blueberry cultivated in vivo and in vitro.

The article discusses the prospects for studying polymorphic variants of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor genes (PPARs) of three types (PPARα, PPARδ, and PPARγ) in diabetes mellitus (DM), taking into account their key role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and lipid characteristics and glycemia control. The main emphasis is on the use of screening methods for testing patients for carriage of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in order to improve approaches to identifying risk groups for the formation of DM and associated diseases, and subsequent personification of corrective measures. The clinical, laboratory and molecular genetic characteristics of groups of patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes, healthy volunteers are presented. The prevalence of SNPs in the genes of receptors activated by the peroxisome proliferator in patients with DM was studied in comparison with the control group. Among the evaluated SNPs of the rs135551 gene, PPARA showed the clearest association with the presence of DM. Four variants of haplotypes highly associated with DM1 and DM2 were identified. The expediency of further clarification of the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of cases of diabetes within the DM1 and DM2 groups is discussed. The prospects of this direction for the development of preventive technologies in diabetology, long-term epidemiological molecular genetic screenings are assessed.

The material was collected during the period 2018‒2021 by dissection of internal organs of European bisons, red deers, European roe deers and elks. The found helminths were identified morphologically and using molecular genetic tools. Analysis of 16 ND4 mDNA sequences of A. sidemi revealed low level of genetic diversity which may indicate that Ashworthius sidemi in Belarus spread from one source.

A step-by-step study of the biological activity of 24-epibrassinolide (EB) and its sodium salts of esters with sulfuric acid (sodium 2-, 3-, 22and 23-monosulfates and disodium 2.3-disulfate EB) was carried out in experiments on the effect on the growth parameters and crop yield of annual sunflower Helianthus annuus L. (Helios variety) depending on growing conditions. In experiments on a groundless medium, the effect of epibrassinolide sulfuric acid esters on primary plant growth at concentrations of 10–11–10–9 М turned out to be insignificant (with the exception of disodium 2.3–disulfate EB), to a greater extent the activity of the studied compounds was marked in laboratory experiment in soil culture. The greatest effect on growth and development plant was noted in field experiments. It is shown that the most effective and universal compound according to the studied parameters for two types of treatment (soaking seeds and spraying plants) is disodium 2.3-disulfate EB.

Full nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage Pseudomonas phage BIM BV-45 D – active component of biopesticide Multiphage intended for control of crop bacterial diseases caused by Pseudomonas syringae was analyzed. It was found that phage genome is represented by linear double-stranded DNA sized 40383 b. p. (average GC contents equals 58 %), comprising 46 open reading frames, including 13 described in genomes of closely related phages. 4 control sequences typical for bacterial genes recognized by sigma factor (σ70) of RNA polymerase were detected, specific phage promoters were not localized. The identity was established of the majority of protein amino acid sequences of the Pseudomonas phage BIM BV-45 D with the proteins of the known Pseudomonas phage Andromeda (95‒100 %), at the same time, the sequences of the DNA endonuclease protein (gene 22) are similar (63 %) to the corresponding protein of Pseudomonas phage PollyC. The obtained data suggest that the mosaic structure of Pseudomonas phage BIM BV-45 D genome is due to recombinant rearrangements between the afore-mentioned phages.

It is known that the initiating event of liver damage during lead intoxication is the effect of lead on the intestinal microbiome and the metabolic profile of enterocytes. The aim of the study was to reveal the dependence of the concentrations of free amino acids and their derivatives in the liver on the amino acid pool of the microbial-tissue complex of the small intestine. We used rats weighing 120‒140 g, which were injected intragastrically for three weeks with drinking water with lead acetate. Free amino acids and their nitrogen-containing metabolites in the microbial-tissue complex of the intestine and liver were determined by HPLC. Enteral intake of lead acetate with drinking water changes the profile of free amino acids and their derivatives in the microbial-tissue complex of the small intestine, which correlates with a violation of amino acid homeostasis in the liver. The analysis of the correlations of the indicators we determined indicates the essential role of nitrogen-containing metabolites of amino acids ‒ ethanolamine and phosphoethanolamine, taurine, and cystathionine. The direction of the correlation relationship between various nitrogen-containing metabolites of the microbial-tissue complex and the liver can be considered as marker of discoordination of homeostasis.

Based on the results of a 13-year study of the yield of 20 cultivars of highbush blueberry and 3 cultivars of half-highbush blueberry, introduced in Belarus from different geographical regions of the world, various indicators of adaptability were calculated. It has been established that tall blueberry cultivars are characterized by significant yield variability. The prevailing contribution to the overall yield variability of blueberry cultivars (45.9 %) was made by the interaction of factors “cultivar × year”. High-yielding and yielding cultivars of blueberries are characterized by greater genetic and ecological plasticity, but weak stress resistance and low stability. According to the set of adaptability indicators, the assessed blueberry cultivars are classified into 3 groups: 1) high-yielding and yielding cultivars, plastic, but unstable fruiting; 2) medium-yielding cultivars, stably fruiting, characterized by low and medium plasticity; 3) low-yielding cultivars unsuitable for industrial cultivation in Belarus.

As a result of the research pBS72-like replicons were detected with a frequency of 27 % in soil samples isolated from various natural sources on the territory of Belarus, which contained bacteria B. subtilis (were detected in 22 samples out of 36 studied). It was established that pBS72-like conjugative plasmids are present in the cells of natural bacteria B. subtilis circulating in Pakistan, China, and the Netherlands, and are also found in bacteria B. rugosus isolated in India. The homology of proteins responsible for replication (Rep-proteins) and conjugation (VirB4, VirB6, VirB11, VirD4, Mob proteins) was 99–100 %. Similar replicons (Rep proteins are 62 % identical) capable of being transmitted by conjugation (key conjugation proteins are 60–80 % identical) were found in the bacteria Bacillus sp., B. licheniformis, B. paralicheniformis and B. subtilis, allocated in the USA, Australia, China and South Korea.

The given review is an attempt of concentrated consideration of flow cytometry problem which is widely used as a fundamental research approach in various fields of biology like cell biology, biophysics, biochemistry and molecular biology and also in applied and diagnostic medicine. The method principle, construction of flow cytometers and their possibilities (study of structure and function state of cell populations and cell sorting), usage of lasers in flow cytometers, wide assortment of fluorophores and monoclonal antibodies. The concrete examples of flow cytometer methods in different experiments are given. The trends in development of flow cytometry are considered.

The possibility of using the polyfunctional properties of plant-microbial symbiosis in the development of resourcesaving technologies in crop production has been substantiated. An ecological assessment of the interaction of legume genotypes with rhizosphere microflora was carried out, and the role of plant-microbial systems in the accumulation of biological nitrogen was shown. The positive effect of plant-microbial interactions on soil biogenicity and plant adaptation to biotic stresses was revealed.