Assessment of the phytopathological state of ornamental forms of common pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) cultivars of the selection of the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus

One of the ways to combat the penetration and spread of dangerous pathogens of fungal plant diseases on the territory of the republic may be the selection of domestic varieties resistant to fungal phytopathogens and a reduction of the import of planting material. Over the past decades, the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (CBG) has been working on the development of new cultivars of coniferous plants for landscaping purposes. The purpose of this study was to study of the composition of the mycobiota of needles and shoots of ornamental forms of Scotch pine of the CBS breeding.

The article presents the results of the survey of Pinus sylvestris L. cultivars of CBG selection, carried out in the period 2020–2021 years in The Central Botanical Garden of NAS (Belarus, Minsk). As a result, it was found that among the 18 of Pinus sylvestris L. cultivars of CBG selection, the most stable were ‘Woshodjaschaia’ and ‘Minchanka’, the least stable were ‘Karolina’ and ‘Chupa Chups’.

The species composition of the mycobiota of needles and shoots includes such dangerous pathogens as fungi from the genus Lophodermium, causing premature falling of needles, as well as Cyclaneusma minus, causing premature yellowing and falling of needles, and Gremmeniella abietina, the causative agent of scleroderriosis or pine shoot cancer. Among the less dangerous fungi, conditionally pathogenic species have been identified – Alternaria alternara, Auerobasidium pullulans, Cladosporium spp., Phoma spp., as well as the endophyte fungus Sydowia polyspora.

1. Torchyk U. I. Principles of selection of ornamental woody plants assortment for gardens on roofs in conditions of Minsk. Acta Horticulturae, vol. 881, pp. 733–738. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.881.121

2. Sinadskii Yu. V. Pests and diseases of Pine. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1983. 344 p. (in Russian).

3. Zhukov A. M., Gninenko Yu. I., Zhukov P. D. Hazardous understudied coniferous diseases in Russian forests. 2nd ed. Pushkino, All-Russian Research Institute of Silviculture and Mechanization of Forestry, 2013. 128 p. (in Russian).

4. Golovchenko L. A., Dishuk N. G., Panteleev S. V., Baranov O. Yu. New invasive specie of Mycosphaerella dearnessii in the composition of mycobiota of pine needles in the territory of Belarus. Vestsі Natsyyanal’nai akademiі navuk Belarusi. Seryya biyalagichnykh navuk = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Biological series, 2020, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 98–105 (in Russian).

5. Golovchenko L. A., Dishuk N. G., Panteleev S. V., Baranov O. Yu. New host and country records of the Dothistroma needle blight pathogen from Belarus. Vestsi Natsyyanal’nai akademii navuk Belarusi. Seryya biyalagichnykh navuk = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Biological series, 2021, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 147–158 (in Russian).

6. Sokolova E. S., Galas’eva T. V. Fungal diseases of conifers in nurseries and young stands. Moscow, Moscow State Forest University, 2005. 43 p. (in Russian).

7. Kuz’michev E. P., Sokolova E. S., Mozolevskaya E. G. Diseases of Woody Plants: A Handbook. Vol. 1. Diseases and pests in Russian forests. Moscow, All-Russian Research Institute for silviculture and mechanization of forestry, 2004. 120 p. (in Russian).

8. Behnke-Borowczyk J., Kwaśna H., Kulawinek B. Fungi associated with Cyclaneusma needle cast in Scots pine in the west of Poland. Forest Pathology, 2019, vol. 49, no. 2, art. e12487. https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12487

9. Dishuk N. G., Golovchenko L. A. Cyclaneusma minus (Butin) Dicosmo, Peredo and Minter on Pinus species in Belarus. Izuchenie i sokhranenie bioraznoobraziya v botanicheskikh sadakh i drugikh introduktsionnykh tsentrakh: materialy nauchnoi konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem, posvyashchennaya 55-letiyu Donetskogo botanicheskogo sada (Donetsk, 8–10 oktyabrya 2019 goda) [Study and conservation of biodiversity in botanical gardens and other introduction centers: materials of a scientific conference with international participation dedicated to the 55th anniversary of the Donetsk Botanical Garden (Donetsk, October 8–10, 2019)]. Donetsk, 2019, pp. 112–115 (in Russian).

10. Sokolova E. S., Kolganikhina G. B. Fungal diseases of introduced woody plants in urban plantations of Moscow and the Moscow region. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta lesa – Lesnoi vestnik [Bulletin of the Moscow State Forest University – Forest Bulletin], 2009, no. 5 (68), pp. 145–153 (in Russian).

11. Golovchenko L. A., Dishuk N. G. Diseases of conifers in The Republic of Belarus. Subtropicheskoe i dekorativnoe sadovodstvo: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Subtropical and ornamental horticulture: a collection of scientific papers]. Sochi, 2017, vol. 63, pp. 159–165 (in Russian).

12. Bilai V. I. (ed.). Guide of the experimental mycology methods. Kiev, Naukova dumka Publ., 1982. 550 p. (in Russian).

13. Padutov V. E., Baranov O. Yu., Voropaev E. V. The methods of molecular genetic technique. Minsk, Yunipol Publ., 2007. 176 p. (in Russian).

14. Ridout M., Newcombe G. Sydowia polyspora is both a Foliar endophyte and a preemergent seed pathogen in Pinus ponderosa. Plant Disease, 2018, vol. 102, no. 3, pp. 640–644. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-17-1074-RE

15. Jumpponen A., Mattson K. G., Trappe J. M. Mycorrhizal functioning of Phialocephala fortinii with Pinus contorta on glacier forefront soil: Interactions with soil nitrogen and organic matter. Mycorrhiza, 1998, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 261–265. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s005720050190

16. Schroers H.-J. A monograph of Bionectria (Ascomicota, Hypocreales, Bionectriaceae) and its Clonostachys anamorphs. Studies in Micology, 2001, vol. 46, pp. 1–211.