Взаимодействие полиамидоаминных дендримеров и амфифильных дендронов с липидными мембранами

Полиамидоаминные (ПАМАМ) дендримеры и амфифильные дендроны представляют собой вид наноматериалов, отличающихся гиперразветвленной структурой полимерных ветвей. В случае дендримеров дендроны ковалентно связаны в центральной фокальной точке. В отсутствие ковалентного связывания амфифильные дендроны с помощью гидрофобных взаимодействий формируют мицеллярные структуры. Данные наночастицы нашли широкое применение в биологии и медицине в качестве контрастных агентов, носителей лекарственных препаратов и генетического материала. Использование их в научной практике требует понимания механизмов взаимодействия с мембранами, которые являются основным препятствием для входа дендримеров в клетку. В данном обзоре обсуждены закономерности взаимодействия дендримеров и амфифильных дендронов с липидными мембранами. Описаны различные модели дендример-мембранных взаимодействий, позволяющие понять особенности вхождения дендримеров и амфифильных дендронов в клетки. 

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