Взаимодействие дендримеров и дендронизированных наночастиц с белками

Дендримеры - это гиперразветвленные полимеры, принадлежащие к классу наноматериалов. Данные наноструктуры и их производные (дендроны или дендронизированные наночастицы) представляют собой мультитаргетные носители, концевые группы которых можно модифицировать для достижения различных задач, в частности таких, как повышение биосовместимости и стабильности, контролируемое высвобождение активных веществ. Расширение сферы использования дендримеров и дендример-подобных структур в биологии и медицине требует понимания основных механизмов их взаимодействия с белками - одними из основных компонентов биологических систем. В зависимости от размера, поверхностного заряда, структуры и жесткости ветвей дендримеров их взаимодействие с белками может сильно различаться. В частности, могут иметь место как электростатические взаимодействия, возникающие из-за наличия у дендримеров и белков поверхностного заряда, так и гидрофобные, за счет соответствующих полостей в структуре дендримеров. Возможно образование водородных связей. Все эти взаимодействия так или иначе могут влиять на структуру и функции белков.

В данном обзоре освещены вопросы механизмов взаимодействия дендримеров и дендронизированных наночастиц с основными белковыми макромолекулами. Рассмотрено влияние наночастиц на вторичную структуру, конформацию, динамику и функциональную активность белков. Описаны различные модели дендример-белковых взаимодействий.

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