INFLUENCE OF PLASMA AND RADIO-WAVE TREATMENT OF CORN SEEDS AND THEIR STORAGE IN ADVERSE CONDITIONS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SEEDLINGS

It have been studied the physiological and biochemical parameters of maize seedlings while stored the seeds previously subjected to short-term exposure to a radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) and RF plasma, under controlled optimal and unfavorable conditions. When seeds were stored under optimal conditions, the stimulation of growth and development of seedlings was observed in all variants with plasma and EMF seeds treatment. The proline content was the same as in the untreated seeds (optimal control) or decreased somewhat, and the overall activity of peroxidase increased. Accelerated aging of control seeds for 3 days (stress control) caused an increase in the electrical conductivity of their exudates and a slowdown in the growth of seedlings on the background of an increase in proline content and peroxidase activity. In the experimental group which seeds were treated with EMF, the investigated parameters remained the same as for the optimal control, although the peroxidase activity was higher than for the seedlings in the control both optimal and stress. Plants grown from plasma-treated seeds were characterized by growth retardation, high peroxidase activity and an increase in proline accumulation. As a result of accelerated aging for 7 days, germination of plasma treated seeds decreased almost 2-fold, and peroxidase activity in root cells was inhibited. The proline content in the EMF-treated samples increased by 51.8 %, and in plasma treated – by 3 times compared to the optimal control. Since the level of proline increases proportionally with the increase in the degree and duration of exposure to unfavorable storage conditions, it is assumed that the accumulation of proline in germinating plants is more indicative the impact of the effect of the damaging factor, rather than the manifestation of resistance to stressor. From the analysis of the effectiveness of various regimes of pre-sowing treatment of maize seeds, it was revealed that seeds treatment with high-frequency electromagnetic field for this culture can act as an inducer of increasing the resistance of the organism, ensuring preservation of the physiological quality of the seeds during storage and maintaining the growth rate of plants or their survival.

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