LONG NON-CODING RNAS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
Abstract
The review examines the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of gene networks with a high degree of complexity. There are such divisions as the role of lncRNAs in: the genome and transcriptome organization; the regulation of a gene specific transcription; the post-transcriptional regulation; X chromosome inactivation; the development of oncopathology and some other diseases; the regulation of telomere length; the expression in tissues of the nervous system. We discuss the literature data on several kinds of non-coding RNA, the participation of lncRNAs in the transmission and coordination of information flows in the epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. For example, there is a list of noncoding RNAs including both long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and other RNA types (micro RNAs (miRNA), small interfering RNAs (siRNA), piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNA), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA), etc.) Our article also deals with the role of such RNAs as HOTAIR – RNA reprogramming chromatin state, Xist, which causes an inactivation of X chromosome genes, or TelRNA involved in replicative aging. Some features of lncRNA expression in tissues of the nervous system are discussed on example of such an evolutionary conservative molecule as TUNA, probably involved in the development of Huntington’s disease. In addition, we consider the probable role of lncRNAs in the development of a number of diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular ones (PCGEM1 – prostate tumor, MALAT1 – non-small cell lung cancer; Miat – myocardial infarction, ANRIL – atherosclerosis, etc.).
About the Authors
N. A. Balashenko
Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk
Belarus
Belarus
Master of Biology, Postgraduate student
27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072
S. E. Dromashko
Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk
Belarus
Belarus
D. Sc. (Biol.), Professor, Head of the Laboratory
27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072
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