CpG OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES AND THEIR PRACTICAL USAGE
Abstract
Bacterial DNA (including plasmids) and synthetic oligo-2ʹ-deoxynucleotides containing non-methylated CpGdinucleotides (CpG-ODN) upon introduction into human or animal body stimulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. In this regard bright prospects open up for therapeutic application of CpG-ODN to cope with infectious, allergic diseases and cancer. However, CpG-ODN molecules are negatively charged and hence can hardly penetrate through cell membrane bearing the equipolar surface charge. Moreover, native CpG-ODN are easily cleaved by nucleases. One of the effective methods to counter CpG-ODN nuclease attack is chemical modification of their sugar-phosphate skeleton. Yet some cases have been reported when supply of modified molecules caused grave side-effects. All these circumstances restrain considerably therapeutic prospects of CpG-ODN and spur-up the interest in search of efficient systems for CpG-ODN delivery to target tissues and cells. Lately progress of nanobiotechnologies provided unprecedented opportunities for encapsulation of active drug substances (including CpG-ODN) into various nanosize transport vehicles and synthesis of multiform nanostructures from CpG-ODN. The use of such delivery systems raises significantly both CpG-ODN stability and extent of their internalization into target cells. It is plausible that development of nanotransporters will enable to get rid of chemical CpG-ODN modification provoking adverse effects.
About the Authors
A. I. Zinchenko
Institute of Microbiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk
Belarus
Belarus
Corresponding Member, D. Sc. (Biol.), Professor, Head of the Laboratory
2, Kuprevich Str., 220141
A. S. Shchokolova
Institute of Microbiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk
Belarus
Belarus
Ph. D. (Biol.), Senior researcher
2, Kuprevich Str., 220141
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