<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestib</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Национальной  академии наук Беларуси. Серия биологических наук</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1029-8940</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-230X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/1029-8940-2026-71-1-44-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestib-996</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Получение рекомбинантного белка человеческого фактора некроза опухоли-альфа в клет- ках бактерий Escherichia coli и оценка его биологической активности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Obtaining of the human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha protein in Escherichia coli cells and evaluation of its biological activity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4245-4310</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копылева</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kopyleva</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Копылева Дарья Викторовна – аспирант, мл. науч. сотрудник</p><p>пр-т Независимости, 4, 220030, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Darya V. Kopyleva – Postgraduate Student, Junior Re- searcher</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kopyleva.d@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2473-416X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прокулевич</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prakulevich</surname><given-names>U. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Прокулевич Владимир Антонович – д-р биол. наук, профессор, гл. науч. сотрудник</p><p>пр-т Независимости, 4, 220030, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Uladzimir A. Prakulevich – D. Sc. (Biol.), Professor, Chief Researcher</p><p>4, Nezavisimosti Ave., 220030, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prokulevich@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4753-5558</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потапович</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Patapovich</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Потапович Максим Иосифович – заведующий лабораторией</p><p>пр-т Независимости, 4, 220030, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim I. Patapovich – Head of the Laboratory</p><p>4, Nezavisimosti Ave., 220030, Minsk</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">potapovich@bsu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8172-9092</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дуж</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Duzh</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дуж Елена Васильевна – канд. биол. наук, заведующий лабораторией</p><p>ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Duzh – Ph. D. (Biol.), Head of the Laboratory</p><p>4, Nezavisimosti Ave., 220030, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lenaduzh@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4869-9864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончаров</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Hancharou</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гончаров Андрей Евгеньевич – канд. мед. наук, доцент, директор</p><p>ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei E. Hancharou – Ph. D. (Med.), Associate Pro- fessor, Director</p><p>27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrei.hancharou@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-7157</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антоневич</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonevich</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антоневич Наталья Георгиевна – канд. биол. наук, доцент, вед. науч. сотрудник</p><p>ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia G. Antonevich – Ph. D. (Biol.), Associate Pro- fessor, Leading Researcher</p><p>27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antonevich.n@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бушмакина</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bushmakina</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бушмакина Ирина Михайловна – канд. биол. наук, за- ведующий сектором</p><p>ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Iryna M. Bushmakina – Ph. D. (Biol.), Head of the Laboratory</p><p>27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bushmim@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт биофизики и клеточной инженерии Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>71</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Копылева Д.В., Прокулевич В.А., Потапович М.И., Дуж Е.В., Гончаров А.Е., Антоневич Н.Г., Бушмакина И.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Копылева Д.В., Прокулевич В.А., Потапович М.И., Дуж Е.В., Гончаров А.Е., Антоневич Н.Г., Бушмакина И.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kopyleva D.V., Prakulevich U.A., Patapovich M.I., Duzh E.V., Hancharou A.E., Antonevich N.G., Bushmakina I.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestibio.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/996">https://vestibio.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/996</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе представлены ключевые стадии получения субстанции рекомбинантного человеческого фактора некроза опухоли-альфа (ФНО-α) в клетках бактерий Escherichia coli. Описаны этапы конструирования нук- леотидной последовательности и клонирование гена в составе вектора pET24b(+) под промотором бактериофага Т7. Сконструирован потенциальный штамм-продуцент рекомбинантного белка на основе E. coli BL21-Gold(DE3), способный к наработке растворимой формы ФНО-α в количестве, превышающем 30 % от общего белка клетки. Осуществлена очистка целевого белка с использованием тандемной ионообменной и эксклюзионной хроматографий. Определена биологическая активность полученного образца в рамках стандартного протокола производства биомедицинских клеточных продуктов на основе дендритных клеток (ДК). Установлена жизнеспособность ДК, достоверно не отличающаяся в контрольной и опытной группах и превышающая 90 %. Вместе с тем образец ФНО-α характеризуется усилением экспрессии молекул-маркеров зрелых ДК CD83 и HLA-DR. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о высокой иммунобиологической активности в сравнении с доступным коммерческим препаратом, а также о потенциальной возможности импортозамещения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents the key stages of obtaining recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in Escherichia coli cells. The stages of constructing and cloning the gene in the pET24b(+) vector under the T7 bacteriophage promoter are described. A potential strain producing the recombinant protein based on E. coli BL21-Gold(DE3) was constructed, capable of producing a soluble form of TNF-α in an amount exceeding 30 % of the total cellular protein. Purification of the target protein was carried out using tandem ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Biological activity of the obtained protein was determined using the standard protocol for the production of biomedical cell products based on dendritic cells (DC). The viability of DC was established, which did not differ in the control and experimental groups and exceeded 90 %. At the same time, the TNF-α sample is characterized by increased expression of mature DC marker molecules CD83 and HLA-DR. The obtained data indicate high immunobiological activity in comparison with the available commercial preparation and the potential for import substitution.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фактор некроза опухоли-альфа</kwd><kwd>Escherichia coli</kwd><kwd>хроматография</kwd><kwd>индукция биосинтеза</kwd><kwd>клонирование</kwd><kwd>экспрессия</kwd><kwd>эндотоксины</kwd><kwd>дендритные клетки</kwd><kwd>биомедицинские клеточные продукты</kwd><kwd>CD83</kwd><kwd>HLA-DR</kwd><kwd>проточная цитофлуориметрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tumor necrosis factor-alpha</kwd><kwd>Escherichia coli</kwd><kwd>chromatography</kwd><kwd>induction of biosynthesis</kwd><kwd>cloning</kwd><kwd>expression</kwd><kwd>endotoxins</kwd><kwd>dendritic cells</kwd><kwd>biomedical cell products</kwd><kwd>CD83</kwd><kwd>HLA-DR</kwd><kwd>flow cytofluorometry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. Transmembrane TNF-a: structure, function and interaction with anti-TNF agents / T. Horiuchi, H. Mitoma, S. Harashima [et al.] // Rheumatology. – 2010. – Vol. 49, N 7. – P. 1215–1228. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keq031</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horiuchi T., Mitoma H., Harashima S., Tsukamoto H., Shimoda T. Transmembrane TNF-a: structure, function and interaction with anti-TNF agents. Rheumatology, 2010, vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 1215–1228. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keq031</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eck, M. J. The Structure of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α at 2.6 Å Resolution / M. J. Eck, S. R. Sprang // Journal of Biological Chemistry. – 1989. – Vol. 264, N 29. – P. 17595–17605. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)71533-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eck M. J., Sprang S. R. The Structure of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α at 2.6 Å Resolution. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1989, vol. 264, no. 29, pp. 17595–17605. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)71533-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A Domain in TNF Receptors That Mediates Ligand-Independent Receptor Assembly and Signaling / F. K. M. Chan, H. J. Chun, L. Zheng [et al.] // Science. – 2000. – Vol. 288, N 5475. – P. 2351–2354. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5475.2351</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chan F. K. M., Chun H. J., Zheng L., Siegel R. M., Bui K. L., Lenardo M. J. A Domain in TNF Receptors That Mediates Ligand-Independent Receptor Assembly and Signaling. Science, 2000, vol. 288, no. 5475, pp. 2351–2354. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5475.2351</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chu, W. M. Tumor necrosis factor / W. M. Chu // Cancer Letters. – 2013. – Vol. 328, N 2. – P. 222–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2012.10.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chu W. M. Tumor necrosis factor. Cancer Letters, 2013, vol. 328, no. 2, pp. 222–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2012.10.01</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stability Program in Dendritic Cell Vaccines: A “Real-World” Experience in the Immuno-Gene Therapy Factory of Romagna Cancer Center / E. Pancisi, A. M. Granato, E. Scarpi [et al.] // Vaccines. – 2022. – Vol. 10, N 7. – Art. 999. https:// doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10070999 Proceedings of the National Academy of S</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pancisi E., Granato A. M., Scarpi E., Ridolfi L., Carloni S., Moretti C., Guidoboni M. [et al.]. Stability Program in Dendritic Cell Vaccines: A “Real-World” Experience in the Immuno-Gene Therapy Factory of Romagna Cancer Center. Vaccines, 2022, vol. 10, no. 7, art. 999. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10070999</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Advanced therapy medicinal products: current and future perspectives / Е. Hanna, C. Rémuzat, P. Auquier, M. Toumi // Journal of Market Access and Health Policy. – 2016. – Vol. 4, N 1. – Art. 31036. https://doi.org/10.3402/jmahp.v4.31036</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hanna Е., Rémuzat C., Auquier P., Toumi M. Advanced therapy medicinal products: current and future perspectives. Journal of Market Access &amp; Health Policy, 2016, vol. 4, no. 1, art. 31036. https://doi.org/10.3402/jmahp.v4.31036</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanger, F. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors / F. Sanger, S. Nicklen, A. R. Coulson // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. – 1977. – Vol. 74, N 12. – P. 5463–5467. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1977, vol. 74, no. 12, pp. 5463–5467. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Current protocols in molecular biology / eds.: F. M. Ausbel, R. Brent, R. E. Kingston [et al.]. – New York: John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2003. – 4648 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ausubel F. M., Brent R., Kingston R. E., Moore D. D., Seidman J. G., Smith J. A., Struhl K. (eds.). Current protocols in molecular biology. New York, John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2003. 4648 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laemmli, U. K. Cleavage of Structural Proteins during the Assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T4 / U. K. Laemmli // Nature. – 1970. – Vol. 227, N 5259. – P. 680–685. https://doi.org/10.1038/227680a0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, 1970, vol. 227, no. 5259, pp. 680–685. https://doi.org/10.1038/227680a0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Protein Identification and Analysis Tools on the ExPASy Server / E. Gasteiger, Ch. Hoogland, A. Gattiker [et al.] // The Proteomics Protocols Handbook / ed. J. M. Walker. – Totowa, NJ, 2005. – P. 571–607. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259890-0:571</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gasteiger E., Hoogland Ch., Gattiker A., Duvaud S’., Wilkins M. R., Appel R. D., Bairoch A. Protein Identification and Analysis Tools on the ExPASy Server. The Proteomics Protocols Handbook. Totowa, NJ, 2005, pp. 571–607. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-890-0:571</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burland, T. G. DNASTAR’s Lasergene Sequence Analysis Software / T. G. Burland // Bioinformatics Methods and Protocols / eds.: S. Misener, S. A. Krawetz. – Totowa, NJ, 1999. – Vol. 132. – P. 71–91. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-192-2:71</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burland T. G. DNASTAR’s Lasergene Sequence Analysis Software. Bioinformatics Methods and Protocols. Vol. 132. Totowa, NJ, 1999, pp. 71–91. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-192-2:71</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peden, J. F. Analysis of Codon Usage: diss. … for the degree of Dr. of Philosophy / John F. Peden; University of Nottingham. – Nottingham, 2000. – 215 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peden J. F. Analysis of Codon Usage. Ph. D. Thesis. Nottingham, 2000. 215 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shneider, C. A. NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis / C. A. Shneider, W. S Rasband, K. W. Eliceiri // Nature Methods. – 2012. – Vol. 9, N 7. – P. 671–675. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2089</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shneider C. A., Rasband W. S, Eliceiri K. W. NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of Image Analysis. Nature Methods, 2012, vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 671–675.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quantifying Western blots: Pitfalls of densitometry / M. Gassman, B. Grenacher, B. Rohde, J. Vogel // Electrophoresis. – 2009. – Vol. 30, N 11. – P. 1845–1855. https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.200800720</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gassman M., Grenacher B., Rohde B., Vogel J. Quantifying Western blots: Pitfalls of densitometry. Electrophoresis, 2009, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 1845–1855. https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.200800720</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Характеристика дендритных клеток для иммунотерапии рака поджелудочной железы / А. Е. Гончаров, И. В. Романов, И. В. Залуцкий [и др.] // Известия Нациаональной академии наук Беларуси. Серия медицинских наук. – 2014. – № 2. – С. 4–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goncharov A. E., Romanova I. V., Zalutskii I. V., Prokhorov A. V., Papok V. I. Characterization of dendritic cells for immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer. Vestsі Natsyyanal’nai akademіі navuk Belarusі. Seryya medytsynskіkh navuk = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Medical series, 2014, no. 2, pp. 4–12 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иммунофенотип и функциональные свойства моноцитарных дендритных клеток больных раком молочной железы / Л. П. Титов, А. Е. Гончаров, Л. А. Путырский [и др.] // Здравоохранение. – 2010. – № 10. – С. 52–55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Titov L. P., Goncharov A. E., Putyrskii L. A., Koshelev S. V., Kosheleva M. I., Putyrskii Yu. L. Immunophenotype and functional properties of monocytic dendritic cells of breast cancer patients. Zdravookhranenie [Healthcare], 2010, no. 10, pp. 52–55 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Реброва, О. Ю. Статистический анализ медицинских данных. Применение пакета прикладных программ Statistica / О. Ю. Реброва. – М.: Медиа Сфера, 2003. – 312 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rebrova O. Yu. Statistical Analysis of Medical Data. Using the Statistica Software Package. Мoskow, Media Sfera Publ., 2003. 312 p (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">CD83 Regulates the Immune Responses in Inflammatory Disorders / B. Riaz, S. Islam, H. Ryu, S. Sohn // International Journal of Molecular Sciences. – 2023. – Vol. 24, N 3. – Art. 2831. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032831</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riaz B., Islam S., Ryu H., Sohn S. CD83 Regulates the Immune Responses in Inflammatory Disorders. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023, vol. 24, no. 3, art. 102–124. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032831</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
