vestibИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия биологических наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series1029-89402524-230XThe Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1029-8940-2025-70-4-293-303vestib-986Research ArticleСтатьиАссоциация генов, контролирующих синтез крахмала, с основными признаками продуктивности у линий мягкой пшеницы с интрогрессиями чужеродного генетического материалаAssociation of genes controlling starch synthesis with main productivity traits in common wheat lines with the introgressions of the alien genetic materialhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1187-1317ОрловскаяО. А.OrlovskayaO. A.

Орловская Ольга Александровна – канд. биол. наук, доцент, заместитель заведующего лабораторией.

ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск

Olga A. Orlovskaya – Ph. D. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Deputy Head of the Laboratory. Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.

27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk

O.Orlovskaya@igc.byhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-7040-4671ЯцевичК. К.YatsevichK. K.

Яцевич Констанция Константиновна – науч. сотрудник.

ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск

Kanstantsyia K. Yatsevich – Researcher, Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.

27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk

K.Yatsevich@igc.byМилькоЛ. В.MilkoL. V.

Милько Лариса Викентьевна – науч. сотрудник.

ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск

Larisa V. Milko – Researcher, Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.

27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk

L.Milko@igc.byhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0175-9786КильчевскийА. В.KilchevskyA. V.

Кильчевский Александр Владимирович – академик, д-р биол. наук, профессор, гл. науч. сотрудник, Институт генетики и цитологии НАН Беларуси; Заместитель Председателя Президиума НАН Беларуси.

ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск; пр-т Независимости, 66, 220072, Минск

Alexander V. Kilchevsky – Academician, D. Sc. (Biol.), Professor, Chief Researcher, Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; Deputy Chairman of the Presidium, The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.

27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk; 66, Independence Ave., 220072, Minsk

Kilchev@presidium.bas-net.byИнститут генетики и цитологии Национальной академии наук БеларусиInstitute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus202507112025704293303Copyright © Орловская О.А., Яцевич К.К., Милько Л.В., Кильчевский А.В., 20252025Орловская О.А., Яцевич К.К., Милько Л.В., Кильчевский А.В.Orlovskaya O.A., Yatsevich K.K., Milko L.V., Kilchevsky A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestibio.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/986

Эндосперм пшеницы на 65–85 % состоит из крахмала, содержание которого в значительной степени определяет массу зерна. В данной работе в коллекции 40 линий мягкой пшеницы с генетическим материалом Triticum dicoccoides, T. dicoccum, T. durum, T. spelta, T. kiharаe и их родительских форм исследовали полиморфизм девяти генов, контролирующих синтез крахмала, для выявления связи их аллельных вариантов с признаками продуктивности в условиях Беларуси, а также оценили влияние чужеродного генетического материала на продуктивность пшеницы. Полиморфизм не обнаружен только для генов TaCWI-5D и TaAGP-L-1B. Установлен значимый вклад генов TaSus2-2В, TaSus1-7А, TaCWI-4A, TaAGP-S1-7А, TaBT1-6B в изменчивость массы зерен; генов TaSus2-2A, TaSus1-7А, TaCWI-4A – в изменчивость числа зерен с колоса; генов TaSus2-2A и TaSus2-2В – в изменчивость продуктивной кустистости. Частота встречаемости благоприятных гаплотипов у сородичей пшеницы незначительно уступала таковой у сортов, у интрогрессивных линий (ИЛ) – была на уровне сортов. Включение чужеродного генетического материала в геном пшеницы не оказало отрицательного влияния на основной показатель продуктивности – массу 1000 зерен, которая в среднем за 4-летний период у ИЛ (38,51 г) была достоверно выше, чем у сортов (36,91 г).

Given that wheat endosperm comprises 65–85 % starch, its content significantly influences the weight of the grain. In the present study, a total of 40 common wheat lines with the genetic material of Triticum dicoccoides, T. dicoccum, T. durum, T. spelta, and T. kiharae, in addition to their parent forms, were collected for genetic analysis. The objective was to study the polymorphism of nine genes that control starch synthesis to identify the association of allelic variants of these genes with productivity traits in Belarus. Furthermore, the study sought to assess the influence of alien genetic material on wheat productivity. A polymorphism was not detected only for TaCWI-5D and TaAGP-L-1B genes. The genes TaSus2-2B, TaSus1-7A, TaCWI-4A, TaAGP-S1-7A, and TaBT1-6B significantly contributed to the variability of the thousand kernel weight, while TaSus2-2A, TaSus1-7A, and TaCWI-4A were associated with the grain number per spike and TaSus2-2A and TaSus2-2B with the productive tillering. The favorable haplotypes frequency in wheat relatives was slightly lower than that of varieties, while in introgressive lines it was at the level of varieties. The introgression of the alien genetic material into the wheat genome did not adversely affect the main productivity indicator – the thousand kernel weight, which on average, during the 4-year period, was significantly higher in introgression lines (38.51 g) than in varieties (36.91 g).

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.