vestibИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия биологических наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series1029-89402524-230XThe Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1029-8940-2025-70-2-125-134vestib-968Research ArticleСтатьиГибриды волка и собаки в Беларуси: идентификация и оценка частоты встречаемостиWolf-dog hybrids in Belarus: identification and rate estimationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1070-1938МолчанВ. О.MolchanV. O.

Молчан Владислав Олегович – мл. науч. сотрудник, аспирант

ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, г. Минск

Vladislav O. Molchan – Junior Researcher, Graduate Student

27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk

molchan_vladislav@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2396-1387ГомельК. В.HomelK. V.

Гомель Константин Вячеславович ‒ канд. биол. наук, вед. науч. сотрудник

ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, г. Минск

Kanstantsin V. Homel ‒ Ph. D. (Biol.), Leading Researcher.

27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk

homelkv@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1773-1128НикифоровМ. Е.NikiforovM. E.

Никифоров Михаил Ефимович – академик, д-р биол. наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией

ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, г. Минск

Michail E. Nikiforov – Academician, D. Sc. (Biol.), Professor, Head of the Laboratory

27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk

nikif@tut.byНаучно-практический центр Национальной академии наук Беларуси по биоресурсамScientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Bioresources202508052025702125134Copyright © Молчан В.О., Гомель К.В., Никифоров М.Е., 20252025Молчан В.О., Гомель К.В., Никифоров М.Е.Molchan V.O., Homel K.V., Nikiforov M.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestibio.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/968

В Беларуси волк относится к категории ненормируемых охотничьих видов, охота на него разрешена круглый год. На протяжении многих лет популяция волка находится под постоянным охотничьим прессом, но при этом сохраняет умеренную численность. Однако нарушение территориальной и половой структуры популяций волков на фоне высокой численности бродячих собак и собак на свободном выгуле может привести к ряду негативных последствий, одним из которых является гибридизация. В работе представлены результаты молекулярно-генетической идентификации волчье-собачьих гибридов по данным STR-анализа и первые данные о распространении таких животных в Беларуси. Полученные сведения подтверждают наличие гибридизации волков с бродячими собаками в Беларуси, но при этом не показывают наличия какой-либо географической обусловленности либо концентрации гибридных особей в конкретных регионах страны.

In Belarus, the wolf is classified as an unregulated hunting species, and hunting is permitted throughout the year. For many years, the wolf population has been under hunting pressure, yet a moderate proportion persists. However, the disruption of the territorial and sexual structure of the wolf population in the context of a high numbers of stray dogs and free-ranging dogs, can lead to a number of negative consequences, one of which is hybridization. The paper presents the results of molecular genetic identification of wolf-dog hybrids based on STR analysis and the first data on the prevalence of such animals in Belarus. The obtained data confirm the presence of hybridization of wolves with stray dogs in Belarus, while no data are shown on any geographical conditionality or the concentration of hybrid individuals in the regions of the country.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.