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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestib</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Национальной  академии наук Беларуси. Серия биологических наук</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1029-8940</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-230X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/1029-8940-2025-70-2-118-124</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestib-967</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определение видов птиц Беларуси с помощью нейросетевого анализа вокализаций: особенности подготовки данных и обучения модели</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Belarusian bird acoustic recognition: data preparation and model training process</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1773-1128</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никифоров</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikiforov</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никифоров Михаил Ефимович ‒ академик, д-р биол. наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией</p><p>ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Michail E. Nikiforov ‒ Academician, D. Sc. (Biol.), Professor, Head of the Laboratory</p><p>27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mnikif1956@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дашевская</surname><given-names>Л. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dashevskaya</surname><given-names>L. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дашевская Лидия Олеговна ‒ мл. науч. сотрудник</p><p>ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lidiya O. Dashevskaya ‒ Junior Researcher</p><p>27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lidiyadashevskaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2396-1387</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гомель</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Homel</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гомель Константин Вячеславович ‒ канд. биол. наук, доцент, вед. науч. сотрудник</p><p>ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kanstantsin V. Homel ‒ Ph. D. (Biol.), Associate Profes sor, Leading Researcher</p><p>27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">homelkv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-1467</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волнистый</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Valnisty</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волнистый Арсений Андреевич ‒ науч. сотрудник</p><p>ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arseniy A. Valnisty ‒ Researcher</p><p>27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volnisty.aa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шагова</surname><given-names>Т. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shagova</surname><given-names>T. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шагова Татьяна Григорьевна ‒ канд. мат. наук, науч. сотрудник</p><p>ул. Сурганова, 6, 220012, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana G. Shagova ‒ Ph. D. (Math.), Researcher</p><p>6, Surganov Str., 220012, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tanya.shagova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кайгородова</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaigorodova</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кайгородова Леся Иосифовна – науч. сотрудник</p><p>ул. Сурганова, 6, 220012, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lesya I. Kaigorodova – Researcher</p><p>6, Surganov Str., 220012, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lesia.piatrouskaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белявский</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyavsky</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белявский Денис Александрович – науч. сотрудник</p><p>ул. Сурганова, 6, 220012, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis A. Belyavsky – Researcher</p><p>6, Surganov Str., 220012, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dzianis.bialiauski@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жалова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhalova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жалова Дарья Александровна – мл. науч. сотрудник</p><p>ул. Сурганова, 6, 220012, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria A. Zhalova – Junior Researcher</p><p>6, Surganov Str., 220012, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">daryazhalova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гецевич</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Getsevich</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гецевич Юрась Станиславович – канд. тех. наук, заведующий лабораторией</p><p>ул. Сурганова, 6, 220012, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuras. S. Getsevich – Ph. D. (Techn.), Head of the Laboratory</p><p>6, Surganov Str., 220012, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yuras.hetsevich@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-практический центр Национальной академии наук Беларуси по биоресурсам</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Bioresources</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Объединенный институт проблем информатики Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>United Institute of Informatics Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>70</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>118</fpage><lpage>124</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никифоров М.Е., Дашевская Л.О., Гомель К.В., Волнистый А.А., Шагова Т.Г., Кайгородова Л.И., Белявский Д.А., Жалова Д.А., Гецевич Ю.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никифоров М.Е., Дашевская Л.О., Гомель К.В., Волнистый А.А., Шагова Т.Г., Кайгородова Л.И., Белявский Д.А., Жалова Д.А., Гецевич Ю.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikiforov M.E., Dashevskaya L.O., Homel K.V., Valnisty A.A., Shagova T.G., Kaigorodova L.I., Belyavsky D.A., Zhalova D.A., Getsevich Y.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestibio.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/967">https://vestibio.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/967</self-uri><abstract><p>Проблема значительных трудовых и временных затрат для осуществления эффективного мониторинга диких популяций птиц требует современных технологических решений. Актуальные достижения в области машинного обучения обеспечили прорыв в возможностях анализа больших объемов данных с использованием нейросетей, и одним из перспективных методов применения этой технологии является ее использование в рамках пассивного акустического мониторинга (ПАМ) – перспективного подхода для наблюдения за птицами, основанного на автоматическом определении видов животных по их вокализациям на звукозаписях. В настоящей публикации описываются промежуточные результаты и достижения, полученные в ходе разработки средства для автоматического определения видов птиц в рамках ПАМ в Беларуси на основе нейросетевой модели EfficientNetB3. Применение упомянутой модели, обученной на новом наборе акустических данных птичьих вокализаций (29,6 ч), подготовленном по специализированному алгоритму, позволило нам достичь высоких показателей достоверности определения видов птиц по записям их вокализаций (точность, f1 &gt; 0,9) для большинства видов, как, например, для козодоя и кедровки. Средний результат получен по полному перечню из 116 видов птиц. Углубленное тестирование позволило нам установить комплексную связь между видовыми особенностями вокализаций и точностью определения видов моделью на основе акустических данных. Мы предполагаем, что ключевыми факторами, снижающими показатели автоматизированного видового определения, являются оверфиттинг на конкретных акустических сигналах, а также неполное покрытие разнообразия вокализаций использованным в обучении набором данных.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The issue of substantial labor and time demands for monitoring bird species diversity and range changes, especially in developing countries, invites novel technological solutions. The recent advancements in machine learning (ML) have led to breakthroughs in AI-based data processing, including tools for automated passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) that utilize on-site bird vocalizations. Here we describe our preliminary results and difficulties encountered when developing an EfficientNetB3-based model for a PAM system to monitor bird diversity in the forested areas of interest in Belarus. A novel dataset of bird vocalizations from Eastern Europe, processed and converted into mel-spectrograms allowed us to achieve a respectable f1-scores (&gt;0.9) in tests for certain species such as nightjar and nutcracker. However, the overall score (0.52) for the 116 species of interest was unacceptably low. Further testing with a more specialized dataset allowed us to determine that the problem lies with the peculiarities of species, and is not limited to species with complex vocalizations. We hypothesize that model overfitting to specific vocalization signals may be one of the main causes. Additionally, certain species require a thorough coverage of their vocalization diversity in the dataset.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пассивный акустический мониторинг</kwd><kwd>птичьи вокализации</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>passive acoustic monitoring</kwd><kwd>avian vocalizations</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Priyadarshani N., Marsland S., Castro I. Automated birdsong recognition in complex acoustic environments: a review. Journal of Avian Biology, 2018, vol. 49, no. 5, p. jav-01447. https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.01447</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Priyadarshani N., Marsland S., Castro I. Automated birdsong recognition in complex acoustic environments: a review. 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