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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestib</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Национальной  академии наук Беларуси. Серия биологических наук</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1029-8940</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-230X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/1029-8940-2024-69-1-57-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestib-910</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетическое разнообразие деревьев яблони старого плодового сада Центрального ботанического сада НАН Беларуси</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic diversity of apple trees in the old orchard of the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy оf Sciences of Belarus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Famina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фомина Елена Анатольевна ‒ канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотрудник</p><p>ул. Ф. Скорины, 34, 220141, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alena A. Famina ‒ Ph. D. (Biol.), Senior Researcher</p><p>34, F. Skorina Str., 220141, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">E.Fomina@igc.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заинчковская</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zainchkovskaya</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заинчковская Анна Николаевна ‒ мл. науч. сотрудник</p><p>ул. Ф. Скорины, 34, 220141, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna N. Zainchkovskaya ‒ Junior Researcher</p><p>34, F. Skorina Str., 220141, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">A.Zainchkovskaya@igc.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузмицкая</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmitskaya</surname><given-names>Р. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузмицкая Полина Викторовна ‒ канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотрудник</p><p>ул. Ф. Скорины, 34, 220141, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina V. Kuzmitskaya ‒ Ph. D. (Biol.), Senior Researcher</p><p>34, F. Skorina Str., 220141, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">P.Kuzmitskaya@igc.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Урбанович</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Urbanovich</surname><given-names>О. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Урбанович Оксана Юрьевна ‒ д-р биол. наук, доцент, заведующий лабораторией</p><p>ул. Ф. Скорины, 34, 220141, г. Минск</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana Yu. Urbanovich ‒ D. Sc. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Head of the Laboratory</p><p>34, F. Skorina Str., 220141, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">O.Urbanovich@igc.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пашкевич</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pashkevich</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пашкевич Павел Андреевич ‒ канд. с.-х. наук, заведующий лабораторией</p><p>ул. Сурганова, 2в, 220012, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel A. Pashkevich ‒ Ph. D. (Agricult.), Head of the Laboratory</p><p>2v, Surganov Str., 220012, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">P.Pashkevich@cbg.org.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидор</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidor</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сидор Лариса Сергеевна ‒ науч. сотрудник</p><p>ул. Сурганова, 2в, 220012, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa S. Sidor ‒ Researcher</p><p>2v, Surganov Str., 220012, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">L.Sidor@cbg.org.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аношенко</surname><given-names>Б. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anoshenko</surname><given-names>В. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аношенко Борис Юрьевич ‒ канд. биол. наук, доцент, вед. науч. сотрудник</p><p>ул. Сурганова, 2в, 220012, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris Yu. Anoshenko ‒ Ph. D. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Leading Researcher</p><p>2v, Surganov Str., 220012, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">B.Anoshenko@cbg.org.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончарова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гончарова Людмила Владимировна ‒ канд. биол. наук, доцент, заместитель директора по научной и  инновационной работе</p><p>ул. Сурганова, 2в, 220012, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila V. Goncharova ‒ Ph. D. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Deputy Director for Research and Innovation</p><p>2v, Surganov Str., 220012, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">L.Goncharova@cbg.org.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт генетики и цитологии НАН Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный ботанический сад НАН Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фомина Е.А., Заинчковская А.Н., Кузмицкая П.В., Урбанович О.Ю., Пашкевич П.А., Сидор Л.С., Аношенко Б.Ю., Гончарова Л.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фомина Е.А., Заинчковская А.Н., Кузмицкая П.В., Урбанович О.Ю., Пашкевич П.А., Сидор Л.С., Аношенко Б.Ю., Гончарова Л.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Famina A.A., Zainchkovskaya A.N., Kuzmitskaya Р.V., Urbanovich О.Y., Pashkevich Р.А., Sidor L.S., Anoshenko В.Y., Goncharova L.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestibio.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/910">https://vestibio.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/910</self-uri><abstract><p>На основе секвенированной последовательности генома яблони сорта Golden Delicious, нуклеотидная последовательность которого находится в базе данных GenBank, in silico был проведен дизайн молекулярных маркеров SSR типа, которые ограничивают область тетра- и гексануклеотидных повторов. Отобраны наиболее информативные из них, которые показали четкие пики на капиллярном электрофорезе и позволили выявить высокий уровень полиморфизма отдельных областей генома яблони. Разработанные SSR-маркеры можно эффективно использовать для оценки генетического разнообразия и ДНК-идентификации сортов яблони, установления сортового соответствия. Данные маркеры были применены для анализа генетического разнообразия деревьев яблони старого плодового сада Центрального ботанического сада (ЦБС) НАН Беларуси, посадка деревьев в котором осуществлялась с 1932 по 1940 г. Показано, что растущие в саду деревья генетически близки как к старинным местным сортам, так и к отдельным иностранным. Установлено, что среди деревьев старого плодового сада ЦБС НАН Беларуси представлены такие сорта, как Антоновка обыкновенная, Минское, Папировка, Уэлси, Мельба, Богатырь. Полученные результаты будут использованы для сохранения генетических ресурсов ценной для страны плодовой культуры, которой является яблоня, а также для разработки дизайн-проекта новой коллекции-экспозиции плодовых растений при реконструкции участка старых насаждений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Based on the sequence of the Golden Delicious apple genome, whose nucleotide sequence is located in the GenBank database, the design of molecular markers of SSR type that limit the area of tetra- and hexanucleotide repeats was carried out in silico. The most informative of them were selected, which showed clear peaks on capillary electrophoresis and made it possible to reveal a high level of polymorphism in certain apple genome regions. The developed SSR markers can be effectively used for the genetic diversity assession and DNA identification of apple varieties, establishment of the varietal correspondence. These markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of apple trees in the old orchard of the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (CBG) where trees were planted from 1932 to 1940. It is shown that the trees growing in the garden are genetically close to old local varieties, as well as to individual foreign ones. It is established that among the trees of the CBG old orchard there are such varieties as Antonovka obyknovennaya, Minskoe, Papirovka. Wealthy, Melba, Bogatyr’. The obtained results will be used to save the genetic resources of the fruit crop valuable for the country, which is an apple tree, as well as to develop a design project of a new fruit plants collection-exposition when reconstructing the area of old plantings.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>яблоня</kwd><kwd>SSR-маркеры</kwd><kwd>ДНК-идентификация</kwd><kwd>аллель</kwd><kwd>генетическое разнообразие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>apple tree</kwd><kwd>SSR markers</kwd><kwd>DNA identification</kwd><kwd>allele</kwd><kwd>genetic diversity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Урбанович, О. Ю. Молекулярные методы идентификации и генотипирования яблони и груши / О. Ю. Урбанович. ‒ Минск: Право и экономика, 2013. – 208 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Urbanovich O. Yu. 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