vestibИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия биологических наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series1029-89402524-230XThe Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1029-8940-2024-69-1-36-46vestib-908Research ArticleСтатьиВлияние дефицита влаги на экспрессию генов, кодирующих стресс-ассоциированные белки яблониEffect of moisture deficiency on the apple stress-associated protein expression level .https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1929-4315КузмицкаяП. В.KuzmitskayaР. V.

Кузмицкая Полина Викторовна ‒ канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотрудник

ул. Ф. Скорины, 34, 220141, г. Минск

Polina V. Kuzmitskaya ‒ Ph. D. (Biol.), Senior Researcher

34, F. Skoriny Str., 220141, Minsk

p.kuzmitskaya@igc.byКоролеваЕ. С.KaralevaК. S.

Королева Екатерина Сергеевна ‒ мл. науч. сотрудник

ул. Ф. Скорины, 34, 220141, г. Минск

Katsiaryna S. Karaleva ‒ Junior Researcher

34, F. Skoriny Str., 220141, Minsk

e.koroleva@igc.byУрбановичО. Ю.UrbanovichО. Yu.

Урбанович Оксана Юрьевна ‒ д-р биол. наук, доцент, заведующий лабораторией

ул. Ф. Скорины, 34, 220141, г. Минск

Oksana Yu. Urbanovich ‒ D. Sc. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Head of the Laboratory

34, F. Skoriny Str., 220141, Minsk

o.urbanovich@igc.byИнститут генетики и цитологии НАН БеларусиInstitute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus2024080220246913646Copyright © Кузмицкая П.В., Королева Е.С., Урбанович О.Ю., 20242024Кузмицкая П.В., Королева Е.С., Урбанович О.Ю.Kuzmitskaya Р.V., Karaleva К.S., Urbanovich О.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestibio.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/908

У растений стресс-ассоциированные белки (SAP, stress-associated proteins) участвуют в ответе на воздействие неблагоприятных биотических и абиотических факторов. С целью изучения влияния засухи на изменение уровня экспрессии SAP у яблони и их вовлеченности в стрессовый ответ проведен анализ уровней экспрессии 14 генов, отнесенных к этому семейству, с помощью количественной ПЦР (qPCR). Показано их участие в геноме подвоя яблони сорта MM-106 при стрессовом ответе на засуху.

При этом к 4-му часу воздействия засухи наблюдалась тенденция к повышению экспрессии данных генов, а к 24-му часу отмечалось ее снижение. Сравнение этих данных с результатами, полученными при моделировании засухи в более мягких условиях, показало, что при моделировании засухи в более жестких условиях экспрессия у большего количества генов, кодирующих стресс-ассоциированные белки, повышается и имеет место более выраженный ответ. Оценка влияния степени идентичности нуклеотидных последовательностей этих генов на сходство их профилей экспрессии при воздействии засухи не выявила непосредственной зависимости между первичной структурой генов и характером их экспрессии.

В структуре стресс-ассоциированных белков, кодируемых генами, которые наиболее сильно реагируют на засуху (например, у Malus, Solanum lycopersicum, Gossypium hirsutum, Cucumis sativus), чаще всего по сравнению с другими типами доменов цинковых пальцев встречается домен типа A20-AN1. Анализ сходства последовательностей стресс-ассоциированных белков и уровней экспрессии кодирующих их генов в условиях засухи у разных видов растений (яблони, хлопчатника, томата и огурца) позволяет предположить, что у каждого вида эволюция механизмов адаптации, включающих гены, кодирующие SAP, происходила независимо и, вероятнее всего, после выделения этих видов от общего предка. Полученные результаты позволяют уточнить роль отдельных генов, кодирующих SAP, в формировании стрессового ответа яблони на воздействие засухи.

In plants, stress-associated proteins (SAP) are involved in response to adverse biotic and abiotic factors. In order to study the drought effect on changes in the SAP expression level in apple trees and their involvement in stress response, an expression level of fourteen genes belonging to this family was analyzed using qPCR. Their participation in a stress response to drought in the genome of the MM-106 apple tree rootstock was shown. At that, the genes demonstrated a tendency to increase their expression by the fourth hour of drought exposure followed by its decrease by the twenty-fourth hour.

A comparison of the data obtained during the described experiment with the data obtained when modeling drought under milder conditions showed that under more severe drought conditions, an expression of a greater number of gene encoding stress-associated proteins increases, and a more pronounced response occurs. Evaluation of the effect of an identity degree of nucleotide sequences of gene encoding stress-associated proteins on the similarity of their expression profiles under drought exposure did not reveal any direct relationship between the primary structure of genes and the nature of their expression.

In the structure of stress-associated proteins encoded by the genes most strongly response to drought in Malus, Solanum lycopersicum, Gossypium hirsutum, and Cucumis sativus, the A20-AN1 type domain occurs more frequently than other types of zinc finger domains. Analysis of the similarity of stress-associated protein sequences and the expression levels of genes encoding them under drought conditions in different plant species (apple, cotton, tomato, and cucumber) suggests that in each species, the evolution of adaptation mechanisms, including SAP encoding genes, occurred independently and, most likely, after separation of those species from their common ancestor. The results obtained will make it possible to clarify the role of individual genes, encoding SAP, in the formation of an apple stress response to the drought effect.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.