vestibИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия биологических наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series1029-89402524-230XThe Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1029-8940-2021-66-3-345-356vestib-765Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSИндуцированные плюрипотентные стволовые клетки. Получение, свойства и перспективы применения в биологии и медицинеInduced pluripotent stem cells. Obtaining, properties and application prospects in biology and medicineТишукО. И.TishukO. I.

Тишук Ольга Игоревна - младший научный сотрудник.

ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск.

Olga I. Tishuk - Junior Researcher, Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.

27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk.

tishukoi@gmail.comПолешкоА. Г.PoleshkoA. G.

Полешко Анна Григорьевна - кандидат биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией.

ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск.

Anna G. Poleshko - Ph. D. (Biol.), Head of the Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.

27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk.

renovacio888@yandex.ruВолотовскийИ. Д.VolotovskyI. D.

Волотовский Игорь Дмитриевич - академик, доктор биологических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник.

ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск.

Igor D. Volotovsky - Academician, D. Sc. (Biol.), Professor, Chief Researcher, Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.

27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk.

volotovski@yahoo.comИнститут биофизики и клеточной инженерии НАН БеларусиInstitute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus202104082021663345356Copyright © Тишук О.И., Полешко А.Г., Волотовский И.Д., 20212021Тишук О.И., Полешко А.Г., Волотовский И.Д.Tishuk O.I., Poleshko A.G., Volotovsky I.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestibio.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/765

Настоящий обзор посвящен индуцированным плюрипотентным стволовым клеткам (ИПСК), открытие которых стало одним из выдающихся достижений медико-биологической науки начала XXI в. ИПСК являются, по сути, искусственно созданным в лабораторных условиях аналогом эмбриональных стволовых клеток (ЭСК), пул которых формируется в оплодотворенной яйцеклетке и затем вовлекается в чрезвычайно сложные процессы онтогенеза. Рассматривается место стволовых клеток вообще и ИПСК в частности в иерархии клеток организма.

Описаны основные свойства этих клеток, сходство и различия между ИПСК и ЭСК, перспективы их практического применения в биологии и медицине, в том числе при лечении заболеваний человека, а также механизмы индуцированной дедифференцировки как в унипотентных клетках (фибробласты, кератиноциты и др.), так и в мультипотентных гемопоэтических стволовых клетках (ГСК) и мезенхимальных стромальных клетках (МСК).

B обзоре представлена информация об используемых в мире способах получения ИПСК, описываются протоколы репрограммирования, которые различаются по способу доставки генетического материала в клетку, условиям культивирования клеток в процессе их дедифференцировки и эффективности. B качестве примера приводится описание всего цикла дедифференцировки фибробластов человека в ИПСК. Кроме того, представлены данные об уникальных свойствах ИПСК, которые позволяют изучать in vitro процессы онтогенеза, патофизиологические процессы, имеющие место при различных заболеваниях, а также использовать данный тип клеток при разработке потенциальных лекарственных препаратов.

This review dedicated to induced pluripotent stem cells discovery of which became one of the outstanding achievements of biomedical science at the beginning of 21th century. These cells are in fact a artificially induced analogue of embryonic stem cells. They are the progenitors of all cells contained in organism of animals and human. The pool of embryonic stem cells forms in fertilized cell and they are involved in extremely complex processes of organogenesis. The position of these cells in general and of induced pluripotent stem cells in particular in hierarchy of cells in organism is described.

The main properties of these cells, similarities and differences between embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, prospects for their practical use in biology and medicine including treatment of human diseases are considered.

The mechanisms of induced dedifferenciation in both unipotent cells, for example fibroblasts and keretotinocytes, and multipotent cells as hemopoetic or mesenchimal stromal stem cells are described.

In this review the information on used in the world approaches for obtaining of induced pluripotent stem cells is presented, the ways of reprogramming different in the methods of delivery of genetic material into the cells and conditions of their cultivation during dedifferentiation process and efficacy. As an example, description of all dedifferentiation cycle of human fibroblasts in induced pluripotent stem cells is provided. Besides, the data on unique properties of induced pluripotent stem cells what allowed to study ontogenesis processes, pathophysiology of various diseases both in vitro and in animals' models to be obtained using induced pluripotent stem cells and also on approaches of these cells application for medicine screening when they are synthesized and tested are given.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.