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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestib</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Национальной  академии наук Беларуси. Серия биологических наук</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1029-8940</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-230X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/1029-8940-2020-65-3-358-364</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestib-694</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка изменчивости хлоропластных и митохондриальных геномов ячменя методом NGS-анализа органельных смесей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Barley chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes diversity evaluation by ngs of the organelle DNA mixtures</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермакович</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yermakovich</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ермакович Анна Евгеньевна - младший научный сотрудник.</p><p>ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna E. Yermakovich - Junior Researcher, Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.</p><p>27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bio.makarevich@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синявская</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Siniauskaya</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Синявская Марина Георгиевна - кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник.</p><p>ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maryna G. Siniauskaya - Ph. D. (Biol.), Leading Researcher, Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.</p><p>27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.sin@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панкратов</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pankratov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панкратов Василий Сергеевич - кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник.</p><p>ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasili S. Pankratov - Ph. D. (Biol.), Researcher, Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.</p><p>27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vasilipankratov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левданский</surname><given-names>О. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Liaudanski</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Левданский Олег Дмитриевич - кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник.</p><p>ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleh D. Liaudanski - Ph. D. (Biol.), Senior Researcher, Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.</p><p>27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">666555@tut.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голоенко</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Halayenka</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Голоенко Инна Михайловна - кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник.</p><p>ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Innesa M. Halayenka - Ph. D. (Biol.), Leading Researcher, Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.</p><p>27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">goloenkoi@tut.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шимкевич</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shymkevich</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шимкевич Андрей Михайлович - кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник.</p><p>ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei M. Shymkevich - Ph. D. (Biol.), Senior Researcher, Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.</p><p>27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shymkevichandrei@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Луханина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukhanina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Луханина Наталья Владимировна - кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник.</p><p>ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Lukhanina - Ph. D. (Biol.), Researcher, Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.</p><p>27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n_lukhanina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыденко</surname><given-names>О. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydenko</surname><given-names>O. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Давыденко Олег Георгиевич - член-корреспондент, доктор биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией.</p><p>ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg G. Davydenko - Corresponding Member, D. Sc. (Biol.), Head of the Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.</p><p>27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">davydenko@tut.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт генетики и цитологии НАН Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>65</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>358</fpage><lpage>364</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ермакович А.Е., Синявская М.Г., Панкратов В.С., Левданский О.Д., Голоенко И.М., Шимкевич А.М., Луханина Н.В., Давыденко О.Г., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ермакович А.Е., Синявская М.Г., Панкратов В.С., Левданский О.Д., Голоенко И.М., Шимкевич А.М., Луханина Н.В., Давыденко О.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yermakovich A.E., Siniauskaya M.G., Pankratov V.S., Liaudanski A.D., Halayenka I.M., Shymkevich A.M., Lukhanina N.V., Davydenko O.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestibio.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/694">https://vestibio.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/694</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведено сравнение полных последовательностей геномов хлоропластов и митохондрий диких (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) и культурных (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare) образцов ячменя с целью оценки их внутривидового разнообразия.</p><p>Объектами исследования стали 17 образцов ячменя, для которых было проведено секвенирование нового поколения (next generation sequencing - NGS) хлоропластной и примеси митохондриальной ДНК, полученных из фракции хлоропластов, изолированной методом дифференциального центрифугирования. Изучено также 5 полных последовательностей хлоропластного и 2 - митохондриального геномов ячменя, доступных в базе данных NCBI GenBank. При обработке полученных NGS-данных учитывали области гомологии внутри и между геномами.</p><p>Сравнительный анализ 22 хлоропластных геномов ячменя (10 H. vulgare subsp. vulgare и 12 H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum) выявил 107 полиморфных локусов: 9 INDEL (insertion or deletion), 79 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) и 19 полиморфизмов SSR-областей (simple sequence repeats). Из найденных SNP хлоропластного генома 20 были локализованы в экзонах генов.</p><p>Анализ 19 полных последовательностей митохондриальных геномов (8 H. vulgare subsp. vulgare и 11 H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum) показал более низкий уровень изменчивости данных органелл внутри вида: 1 INDEL и 22 SNP. Из 4 найденных в экзонах SNP 2 приходились на кодирующую область одного из генов малой субъединицы рибосом и 2 были расположены в экзоне псевдогена.</p><p>В результате исследования обнаружена высокая вариабельность хлоропластных геномов Hordeum vulgare при относительно низкой изменчивости митохондриальных геномов внутри данного вида. Выявлен ряд полиморфных локусов хлоропластного и митохондриального геномов, которые могут быть использованы для внутривидовой идентификации и филогенетических исследований. Доказана эффективность метода NGS смесей хлоропластной и митохондриальной ДНК для получения полных последовательностей органельных геномов ячменя.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this study, complete chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of wild (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) and cultivated (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare) barley forms were compared to evaluate the diversity of these genomes within the species.</p><p>NGS (next generation sequencing) was conducted for mixtures of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA of 17 barley samples. The chloroplast DNA was obtained from the fraction of these organelles, isolated by differential centrifugation. Such fraction contained an admixture of mitochondrial DNA, which made it possible to conduct sequencing of both genomes simultaneously. The NGS data processing algorithm included some features to prevent mistakes during the alignment of reads from the homology regions within and between the genomes. Five sequences of barley chloroplast genome and two sequences of mitochondrial genome accessible in NCBI GenBank were also involved in the full-genome comparative analysis.</p><p>Comparison of 22 complete barley chloroplast genome sequences revealed a high level of diversity of these genomes within Hordeum vulgare. There were 107 polymorphic loci: 9 INDELs, 79 SNPs and 19 polymorphisms of SSR-regions (simple sequence repeats). Twenty from 79 found SNPs were located in coding sequences.</p><p>Analysis of 19 complete sequences of mitochondrial genomes (8 H. vulgare subsp. vulgare and 11 H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum) showed a lower level of variability of these organelles: 1 INDEL and 22 SNP (4 in coding sequences). Two SNPs were found in one of the genes of the small subunit of ribosomes and two were located in the exon of a pseudogene.</p><p>The results of the study proved the applicability of NGS of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA mixtures to the obtaining of complete sequences of these genomes. Revealed polymorphic loci could be used for barley intraspecific identification and phylogeny.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ячмень</kwd><kwd>хлоропластный геном</kwd><kwd>митохондриальный геном</kwd><kwd>секвенирование нового поколения</kwd><kwd>внутривидовое разнообразие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>barley</kwd><kwd>chloroplast genome</kwd><kwd>mitochondrial genome</kwd><kwd>NGS</kwd><kwd>intraspecific diversity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках ГПНИ «Биотехнологии», 2016-2020 гг., подпрограмма 2 «Структурная и функциональная геномика», задания 2.06 и 2.29.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out as a part of the State Scientific Research Program “Biotechnologies”, 2016-2020, Subprogram 2 “Structural and functional genomics”, assignments 2.06 and 2.29.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chloroplast genomes: diversity, evolution, and applications in genetic engineering / H. 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