vestibИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия биологических наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series1029-89402524-230XThe Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1029-8940-2020-65-3-263-274vestib-683Research ArticleСтатьиМеханизмы формирования системной приобретенной устойчивости у растений ярового ячменя (Hordeum vulgare L.) при инфицировании возбудителем темно-бурой пятнистостиMechanisms formation of systemic acquired resistance in spring barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L.) during infection by the pathway of dark brown spotПашкевичЛ. В.PashkevichL. V.

Пашкевич Любовь Валерьевна - научный сотрудник.

ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск.

Lyubov V. Pashkevich - Researcher. Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.

27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk.

Ljubi.k87@gmail.comИнститут биофизики и клеточной инженерии НАН БеларусиInstitute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus202004082020653263274Copyright © Пашкевич Л.В., 20202020Пашкевич Л.В.Pashkevich L.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestibio.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/683

Исследованы физиолого-биохимические ответные реакции растений ярового ячменя на заражение гемибиотрофным фитопатогенным грибом Bipolaris sorokiniana. Показано, что данные ответы регулируются сигнальными путями с участием медиатора салициловой кислоты (СК), что связано с локализованным накоплением активных форм кислорода (АФК) в подвергшихся инфицированию и/или соседних клетках. Выявлено активирование выделенной из листьев ячменя на 1-е и 3-и сутки после грибного заражения микросомальной фракции НАДФН-оксидазы, которая, как известно, ответственна за быстрое образование АФК в растительных клетках под влиянием грибного заражения. При этом активность фермента пероксидазы, осуществляющего детоксикацию АФК, в частности Н2О2, на 1-е и 3-и сутки после воздействия увеличилась по отношению к контролю (незараженные растения) в 1,6 и 2,2 раза соответственно. Включение механизмов антиоксидантной защиты привело к стабилизации процессов перекисного окисления липидов через несколько суток после инфицирования. Показано достоверное возрастание в инфицированных тканях растений общего содержания водорастворимых фенольных веществ, оказывающих защитное действие на растения в условиях стресса, а также увеличение свободного пула эндогенной СК на 9 и 30 % в течение первых 24 ч и последующих 3 сут после инфицирования соответственно.

Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что эндогенная СК вовлечена в ответные реакции на заражение проростков ячменя Bipolaris sorokiniana и является необходимым элементом для активации SAR (systemic acquired resistance), что проявляется в накоплении свободной СК и уменьшении содержания ее конъюгированной формы в ответ на заражение.

The physiological and biochemical responses in spring barley plants to infection with a hemibiotrophic phytopathogenic fungus B. sorokiniana was studied. It was found that these responses of the plant organism are regulated by signaling pathways with the participation of the salicylic acid mediator (SA) and are associated with oxidative stress-localized accumulation of reactive oxygen molecules (ROS) in infected cells and/or neighboring cells. The activation of the microsomal fraction of NADPH oxidase isolated from barley leaves on days 1 and 3 after fungal infection was revealed, which is known to be responsible for the rapid formation of ROS in plant cells under the influence of fungal infection. At the same time, an increase in the activity of the peroxidase enzyme detoxifying ROS, in particular Н2О2, was observed in relation to the control (uninfected plants) by 1.6 and 2.2 times on the 1st and 3rd day after exposure, respectively. The inclusion of antioxidant defense mechanisms led to the stabilization of lipid peroxidation processes several days after infection. A reliable increase in the total content of water-soluble phenolic substances in the infected plant tissues was shown to have a protective effect on plants under stress, as well as an increase in the free pool of endogenous SA by 9 and 30 % during the first 24 hours and the next 3 days after infection, respectively.

The data obtained indicate that endogenous SА is involved in the responses to infection of B. sorokiniana barley seedlings and is a necessary factor for the activation of SAR (systemic acquired resistance), which manifests itself in the accumulation of free SА and a decrease in its conjugated form in response to infection.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.