vestibИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия биологических наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series1029-89402524-230XThe Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"vestib-332Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSДЛИННЫЕ НЕКОДИРУЮЩИЕ РНК И ИХ ФУНКЦИИLONG NON-CODING RNAS AND THEIR FUNCTIONSБалашенкоН. А.BalashenkoN. A.

магистр биол. наук, аспирант

ул. Академическая, 27, 220072

Master of Biology, Postgraduate student

27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072

ninabalashenko@tut.byДромашкоС. Е.DromashkoS. E.

д-р биол. наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией

ул. Академическая, 27, 220072

D. Sc. (Biol.), Professor, Head of the Laboratory

27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072

s.dromashko@igc.byИнститут генетики и цитологии НАН Беларуси, МинскInstitute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk20171612201704110119Copyright © Балашенко Н.А., Дромашко С.Е., 20172017Балашенко Н.А., Дромашко С.Е.Balashenko N.A., Dromashko S.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestibio.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/332

В обзоре рассматривается роль длинных некодирующих РНК (lncRNA) в регуляции генных сетей с высокой степенью сложности. Приводится классификация всех не кодирующих белок РНК (вовлеченных в синтез белка, участвующих в посттранскрипционном изменении мРНК либо репликации ДНК, регуляторных). Обсуждается роль различных lncRNA в регуляции геноспецифической транскрипции, посттранскрипционной регуляции, инактивации Х-хромосомы (такова, например, HOTAIR – перепрограммирующая состояние хроматина или Xist РНК, кото- рая связывается с белковым комплексом PRC2, обусловливая инактивацию генов Х-хромосомы). Рассматривается роль lncRNA, в частности TelRNA, в регуляции длины теломер и в репликативном старении. Обсуждается также характер экспрессии lncRNA в тканях нервной системы на примере такого эволюционно консервативного транскрипта, как TUNA. Кроме того, приводятся литературные данные о возможном участии различных типов lncRNA в развитии ряда заболеваний, в том числе онкологических и сердечно-сосудистых. 

The review examines the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of gene networks with a high degree of complexity. There are such divisions as the role of lncRNAs in: the genome and transcriptome organization; the regulation of a gene specific transcription; the post-transcriptional regulation; X chromosome inactivation; the development of oncopathology and some other diseases; the regulation of telomere length; the expression in tissues of the nervous system. We discuss the literature data on several kinds of non-coding RNA, the participation of lncRNAs in the transmission and coordination of information flows in the epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. For example, there is a list of noncoding RNAs including both long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and other RNA types (micro RNAs (miRNA), small interfering RNAs (siRNA), piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNA), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA), etc.) Our article also deals with the role of such RNAs as HOTAIR – RNA reprogramming chromatin state, Xist, which causes an inactivation of X chromosome genes, or TelRNA involved in replicative aging. Some features of lncRNA expression in tissues of the nervous system are discussed on example of such an evolutionary conservative molecule as TUNA, probably involved in the development of Huntington’s disease. In addition, we consider the probable role of lncRNAs in the development of a number of diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular ones (PCGEM1 – prostate tumor, MALAT1 – non-small cell lung cancer; Miat – myocardial infarction, ANRIL – atherosclerosis, etc.). 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.