<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestib</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Национальной  академии наук Беларуси. Серия биологических наук</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1029-8940</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-230X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestib-300</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МЕХАНИЗМ ФОТОСИНТЕТИЧЕСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОГО КИСЛОРОДА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MECHANISM OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC MOLECULAR OXYGEN FORMATION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шутилова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shutilova</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, вед. науч. сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sc. (Biol.), Leading researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shn-bio@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт фундаментальных проблем биологии РАН</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Fundamental Problems of Biology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>08</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>112</fpage><lpage>128</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шутилова Н.И., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шутилова Н.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shutilova N.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestibio.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/300">https://vestibio.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/300</self-uri><abstract><p>Разработан механизм образования молекулярного кислорода в процессе фотосинтеза растений в результате окисления молекул воды в кислородвыделяющем комплексе (КВК) мембран хлоропластов. Проведенное нами всестороннее изучение КВК (от разработки инновационных методов его выделения и анализа свойств до установления его молекулярной структуры и механизма функционирования) показало, что он состоит из двух мономерных пигмент-белково-липидных комплексов фотосистемы 2 (ПБЛК ФС-2), ассоциированных по правилу зеркальной симметрии в димерную структуру в результате их гидрофобного взаимодействия. Установлено образование гидрофобного котла, стабилизирующего водоокисляющий центр (ВЦ) КВК в зоне ассоциации. Исследование закономерностей функционирования КВК позволило выдвинуть и обосновать концепцию двуханодной организации его ВЦ, формирующегося в результате встречного расположения двух функциональных катионов Mn, каждый из которых встроен в систему фотохимического переноса электронов и подвергается фотоокислению в структуре ПБЛК ФС-2 димерного КВК. Благодаря двуханодному действию ВЦ реализуется возможность синхронного окисления сразу двух молекул воды с образованием О2. Предложен механизм, согласно которому стадии четырехквантового окисления функциональных катионов Mn сопровождаются их фотогидролизом, Са2+-активируемым образованием дигидроксидного ассоциата [Mn4+(HO)···(OH)Mn4+] и реакцией диспропорционирования электронной плотности в данном ассоциате с выделением О2 и восстановлением катионов марганца до Mn2+. Термодинамическая эффективность реакции обусловлена оптимальными условиями формирования цилиндрической симметрии σ-π-связи между атомами кислорода в образующихся молекулах О2. Разработанный механизм подтвержден с помощью квантовохимического анализа и может найти применение в создании генераторов молекулярного кислорода на искусственных носителях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper considers the mechanism of how molecular oxygen is formed in the process of plant photosynthesis as a result of water molecule oxidation in the structure of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) in chloroplast membranes. We have implemented the entire complex of investigations of the OEC starting with the development of the innovation methods for its isolation and analysis of its properties and ending with the establishment of its molecular structure and mechanism of its functioning. We have shown for the first time that the OEC consists of two monomeric pigment-lipoprotein complexes of photosystem 2 (PLPC PS-2) that are associated by the mirror symmetry rule into a dimeric structure as a result of their hydrophobic interaction. It has been ascertained that this association zone is the place of the formation of the hydrophobic boiler that stabilizes the water-oxidizing center (WOC), which is located inside this boiler. The research into the regularities of the functioning of the OEC has enabled us to advance and substantiate the concept of the two-anode organization of its WOC that is formed as a result of the opposite facing of two functional Mn cations, each of which is built into the system of photochemical electron transfer and undergoes photo-oxidation in the structure of the PLPC PS-2 of the dimeric OEC. The two-anode action of the WOC implements the possibility of the synchronous oxidation of two water molecules at once with the formation of O2. The mechanism has been proposed, according to which the stages of the four-quanta oxidation of the functional Mn cations are accompanied by their photo-hydrolysis, Ca2+-activated formation of a dihydroxide associate [Mn4+ (OH)···(HO) Mn4+], and the reaction of electron density disproportionation in this associate with O2 evolution and with reduction of manganese cations to Mn2+. The thermodynamic efficiency of the reaction is determined by the optimal conditions for the formation of a cylindrically symmetric σ-π-bond between the oxygen atoms in the formed O2 molecules. The developed mechanism has been confirmed by the quantum-chemical analysis and can find use in the design of molecular oxygen generators based on artificial structures. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кислородвыделяющий комплекс фотосистемы 2 мембран хлоропластов</kwd><kwd>механизм образования молекулярного кислорода</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem 2 of chloroplast membranes</kwd><kwd>mechanism of molecular oxygen formation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шутилова, Н. И. Кислородвыделяющий комплекс мембран хлоропластов / Н. И. Шутилова // Биол. мембраны. – 2010. – T. 27, № 2. – C. 147–155.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shutilova N. I. The oxygen-evolving complex of chloroplast membranes. Biologicheskie membrany [Biological Membranes], 2010, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 147–155. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shutilova, N. I. The concept of the mechanism of oxygen formation during photosynthesis of plants and its substantiation / N. I. Shutilova // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan. – 2011. – Vol. 66. – P. 77–90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shutilova N. I. The concept of the mechanism of oxygen formation during photosynthesis of plants and its substantiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, 2011, vol. 66, pp. 77–90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шутилова, Н. И. О механизме фотосинтетического окисления воды в димерном кислородвыделяющем комплексе фотосистемы II хлоропластов / Н. И. Шутилова // Биофизика. – 2000. – Т. 45, вып. 1. – С. 51–57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shutilova N. I. On the mechanism of photosynthetic water oxidation in the dimeric oxygen-evolving complex of chloroplast photosystem II. Bioﬁzika [Biophysics], 2000, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 51–57. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шутилова, Н. И. О принципах молекулярной организации и функционирования кислородвыделяющего комплекса фотосистемы 2 хлоропластов / Н. И. Шутилова // Успехи соврем. биологии. – 1999. – Т. 119, № 1. – С. 42–55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shutilova N. I. On the principles of molecular organization and functioning of the oxygen-evolving complex of chloroplast photosystem II. Uspekhi sovremennoi biologii [Advances in Modern Biology], 1999, vol. 119, no. 1, pp. 42–55. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barber, J. Photosystem II: an enzyme of global signiﬁcance / G. Barber // Biochemical Society Transactions. – 2006. – Vol. 34. – P. 619–631.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barber J. Photosystem II: an enzyme of global signiﬁcance. Biochemical Society Transactions, 2006, vol. 34, pp. 619–631.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Комиссаров, Г. Г. Фотосинтез: физико-химический подход / Г. Г. Комиссаров; Рос. акад. наук, Ин-т хим. физики им. Н. Н. Семенова. – M.: Едиториал УРСС, 2003. – 223 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Komissarov, G. G. Photosynthesis: the Physico-Chemical Approach. Moscow, Editorial URSS, 2003, 223 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кутюрин, В. М. О механизме разложения воды в процессе фотосинтеза / В. М. Кутюрин // Изв. Акад. наук СССР. Сер. биол. – 1970. – № 4. – С. 569–580.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kutyurin V. M. On the mechanism of water decomposition in the photosynthetic process. Izvestiia AN SSSR. Seriia biologicheskaja [Transactions of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. Biological Series], 1970, no. 4, pp. 569–580. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шутилова, Н. И. Выделение и исследование трех типов пигмент-белковолипидных комплексов мембран хлоропластов: комплекса фотосистемы 1, комплекса фотосистемы 2 и светособирающего комплекса: дис. … канд. биол. наук / Н. И. Шутилова; Ин-т биохимии им. A. Н. Баха Рос. акад. наук. – M.: Ин-т биохимии им. A. Н. Баха Рос. акад. наук, 1976. – 32 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shutilova N. I. Isolation and investigation of three types of pigment-lipoprotein complexes of chloroplast membranes: complex of photosystem 1, complex of photosystem 2, and light-collecting complex, Abstract of Ph. D. dissertation, Moscow, A. N. Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, 1976. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шутилова, Н. И. Выделение и исследование трех видов пигмент-белковолипидных комплексов хлоропластов: комплекса, содержащего реакционный центр FS-1, комплекса, содержащего реакционный центр FS-2 и светособирающего комплекса / Н. И. Шутилова, В. М. Кутюрин // Физиология растений. – 1976. – Т. 23, вып. 1. – С. 42–49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shutilova N. I., Kutyurin V. M. Isolation and investigation of three types of pigment-lipoprotein chloroplast complexes: complex that contains the reaction center of PS-1, complex that contains the reaction center of PS-2, and light-collecting complex. Fiziologiya rastenii [Physiology of Plants], 1976, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 43–49. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шутилова, Н. И. Кислородвыделяющий пигмент-белковолипидный комплекс фотосистемы 2 хлоропластов: дис. … д-ра биол. наук : 03.00.02 / Н. И. Шутилова; Рос. акад. наук, Ин-т биохим. физики им. Н. М. Эмануэля. – М.: ИБХФ им. Н. М. Эмануэля, 1997. – 141 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shutilova N. I. Oxygen-evolving pigment-lipoprotein complex of chloroplast phosystem 2, Abstract of D. Sc. Dis- sertation, Biophysics, Moscow, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, 1997. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Блюменфельд, Л. А. Проблемы биологической физики / Л. А. Блюменфельд. – М.: Наука, 1974. – 335 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blyumenfeld L. A. Problemy biologicheskoi ﬁziki [Problems of biological physics], Moscow, Nauka, 1977. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Семенов Н. Н. Многоэлектронные процессы в химии и биологии / Н. Н. Семенов, А. Е. Шилов, Г. И. Лихтенштейн // Докл. Акад. наук СССР. – 1975. – Т. 221. – С. 1374–1377.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semenov N. N., Shilov A. E., Likhtenshtein G. I. Multi-electron processes in chemistry and biology. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR [Doklady of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union], 1975, vol. 221, pp. 1374–1377. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kok, B. B. Cooperation of charges in photosynthetic O2 evolution. – 1. A linear four-step mechanism / B. B. Kok, B. Forbush, M. McGloin // J. of Photochem. and Photobiol. – 1970. – Vol. 11. – P. 457–475.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kok B., B. Forbush B., McGloin M. Cooperation of charges in photosynthetic O2 evolution. – 1. A linear four-step mechanism. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, 1970, vol. 11, pp. 457–475.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rutherford, A. W. Photosystem II, the water-splitting enzyme / A. W. Rutherford // Trends in Biochem. Sci. – 1989. – Vol. 14. – P. 227–232.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rutherford A. W. Photosystem II, the water-splitting enzyme. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 1989, vol. 14, pp. 227–232.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Debus, R. J. The manganese and calcium ions of photosynthetic oxygen evolution / R. J. Debus // Biochimica et Biophys. Acta. – 1992. – Vol. 1102. – P. 269–352.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Debus R. J. The manganese and calcium ions of photosynthetic oxygen evolution. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1992, vol. 1102, pp. 269–352.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yachandra, V. K. Manganese cluster in photosynthesis: where plants oxidize water in dioxygen / V. K. Yachandra, K. Sauer, M. P. Klein // Chem. Rev. – 1996. – Vol. 96. – P. 2927–2950.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yachandra V. K., Sauer K., Klein M. P. Manganese cluster in photosynthesis: where plants oxidize water in dioxygen, Chemical Reviews, 1996, vol. 96, pp. 2927–2950.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dau, H. The tetra-manganese complex of photosystem II during its redox cycle – X-ray absorption results and mechanistic implications / H. Dau, L. Luzzolino, J. Dittmer // Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. – 2001. – Vol. 1503. – P. 24–39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dau H., Luzzolino L., Dittmer J. The tetra-manganese complex of photosystem II during its redox cycle – X-ray absorption results and mechanistic implications. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2001, vol. 1503, pp. 24–39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siegbahn, P. E. M. Manganese oxyl radical intermediates and O-O bond formation in photosynthetic oxygen evolution and a proposed role for the calcium cofactor in photosystem II / P. E. M. Siegbahn, R. H. Crabtree // J. of the Am. Chem. Soc. – 1999. – Vol. 121. – P. 117–127.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siegbahn P. E. M., Crabtree R. H. Manganese oxyl radical intermediates and O-O bond formation in photosynthetic oxygen evolution and a proposed role for the calcium cofactor in photosystem II. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1999, vol. 121, pp. 117–127.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vrettos, J. S. Mechanism of photosynthetic water oxidation: combining biophysical studies of photosystem II with inorganic model chemistry / J. S. Vrettos, J. Limburg, G. W. Brudvig // Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. – 2001. – Vol. 1503. – P. 229–245.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vrettos J. S., Limburg J., Brudvig G. W. Mechanism of photosynthetic water oxidation: combining biophysical studies of photosystem II with inorganic model chemistry. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2001, vol. 1503, pp. 229–245.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hillier, W. Oxygen ligand exchange at metal sites – implications for the O2 evolving mechanism of photosystem II / W. Hillier, T. Wydrzynski // Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. – 2001. – Vol. 1503. – P. 197–209.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hillier W., Wydrzynski T. Oxygen ligand exchange at metal sites – implications for the O2 evolving mechanism of photosystem II. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2001, vol. 1503, pp. 197–209.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кутюрин, В. М. Электронодонорные свойства пигмент-белковолипидного комплекса хлоропластов / В. М. Кутюрин, Н. И. Шутилова // Биохимия. – 1974. – Т. 39, вып. 1. – С. 102–110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kutyurin V. M., Shutilova N. I. Electron-donor properties of the pigment-lipoprotein complex of chloroplast PS-2. Biokhimiya [Biochemistry], 1974, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 102–110. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кутюрин, В. М. К вопросу о методе выделения фотохимически активных пигмент-белковолипидных комплексов хлоропластов / В. М. Кутюрин, Н. И. Шутилова // Биофизика. – 1975. – Т. 20, вып. 2. – С. 246–249.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kutyurin V. M., Shutilova N. I. On the method for isolating photochemically active pigment-lipoprotein complexes of chloroplasts. Bioﬁzika [Biophysics], 1975, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 246–249. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шутилова, Н. И. Исследование фотоиндуцируемых изменений каротиноидного состава у изолированных пигмент-белковолипидных комплексов ФС-1 и ФС-2 хлоропластов гороха / Н. И. Шутилова, З. В. Жигальцова, В. М. Кутюрин // Физиология растений. – 1976. – Т. 23, вып 3. – С. 452–459.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shutilova N. I., Zhigal’tsova Z. V., Kutyurin V. M. Research on photo-induced changes of the carotenoid composition in isolated pigment-lipoprotein complexes of pea chloroplast PS-1 and PS-2. Fiziologiya rastenii [Physiology of Plants], 1976, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 452–459. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Исследование фотохимических и спектральных свойств субхлоропластных фрагментов ФС-2, высокоочищенных от примеси ФС-1 / Н. И. Шутилова [и др.] // Биофизика. – 1975. – Т. 20, вып. 5. – С. 844–847.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shutilova N. I., Klimov V. V., Shuvalov V. A., Kutyurin V. M. Research on the photochemical and spectral properties of subchloroplast PS-2 fragments highly puriﬁed from PS-1 admixture. Bioﬁzika [Biophysics], 1975, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 844– 847. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Оптимизация условий выделения трех типов пигмент-белковолипидных комплексов хлоропластов гороха при солюбилизации тритоном X-100 / Н. И. Шутилова [и др.] // Биохимия. – 1979. – Т. 44, вып. 7. – С. 1160–1171.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shutilova, N. I., Kadoshnikova, I. G., Kozlovskaya, N. G., Klevanik, A. V., Zakrzhevskii, D. A. Optimization of the conditions for isolating three types of pigment-lipoprotein complexes of pea chloroplasts under solubilization with triton X-100. Biokhimiya [Biochemistry], 1979, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 1160–1171. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вершинин, А. В. Исследование пигмент-белковолипидных комплексов в модели моногибридного гетерозиса, полученного на основе хлорофильного мутанта гороха. Сообщение 1. Хлорофилл-белковый состав и спектральные свойства / А. В. Вершинин, Н. И. Шутилова // Генетика. – 1980. – Т. 16, № 4. – С. 667–676.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vershinin A. V., Shutilova N. I. Investigation of pigment-lipoprotein complexes in the model of monohybrid heterosis obtained based on a chlorophyll pea mutant. Report 1. Chlorophyll-protein composition and spectral properties]. Genetika [Genetics], 1980, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 667–676. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Исследование фотохимического взаимодействия пигмент-белковолипидного комплекса фотосистемы 1 с n-бензохиноном потенциометрическим методом / А. Я. Шкуропатов [и др.] // Докл. Акад. наук СССР. – 1974. – Т. 214, № 5. – С. 1214–1217.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skuropatov A. Ya., Shutilova N. I., Stolovitskii Yu. M., Evstigneev V. B. Research into the photochemical interaction of photosystem I pigment-lipoprotein complex with n-benzoquinone by the potentiometric method. Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR [Doklady of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union], 1974, vol. 214, no. 5, pp. 1214–1217. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Восстановление феофигина в световой реакции фотосистемы II высших растений / А. В. Клеваник [и др.] // Докл. Акад. наук СССР. – 1977. – Т. 236, № 1. – С. 241.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klevanik A. V., Klimov V. V., Shuvalov V. A., Krasnovskii A. A. Reduction of pheophytin in the light reaction of photosystem II of higher plant. Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR [Doklady of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union], 1977, vol. 236, no. 1, p. 241. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Исследование эффективности хроматографического разделения пигмент-белковолипидных комплексов реакционных центров фотосистемы 1 и фотосистемы 2 хлоропластов гороха на ДЭАЭ-целлюлозе / Н. И. Шутилова [и др.] // Биохимия. – 1982. – Т. 47, вып. 2. – С. 317–322.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shutilova N. I., Demidova L. N., Kadoshnikova I. G., Klimov V. V., Zakrzhevskii A. D. Research into the efﬁciency of DEAE-cellulose chromatographic separation of pigment-lipoprotein complexes of reaction centers of photosystem 1 and photosystem 2 in chloroplast membranes. Biokhimiya [Biochemistry], 1982, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 317–322. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shutilova, N. I. A rapid procedure for isolating the photosystem II reaction centers in a highly enriched form / N. I. Shutilova, A. Faludi-Daniel, V. V. Klimov // FEBS Lett. – 1982. – Vol. 138. – P. 255–260.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shutilova N. I., Faludi-Daniel A., Klimov V. V. A rapid procedure for isolating the photosystem II reaction centers in a highly enriched form. FEBS Letters, 1982, vol. 138, pp. 255–260.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Исследование фотовосстановления феофитина и фотоокисления хлорофилла П680 на препаратах фотосиcтемы II из хлоропластов гороха и Chlamydomonas rainhardii / В. В. Климов [и др.] // Физиология растений. – 1980. – Т. 27, № 2. – С. 315–326.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klimov V. V., Allakhverdiev S. I., Shutilova N. I., Krasnovskii A. A. Study of photo-reduction of pheophytin and photo-oxidation of chlorophyll P680 based on photosystem II preparations from chloroplasts of pea and Chlamydomonas rainhardii. Fiziologiya rastenii [Physiology of Plants], 1980, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 315–326. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вершинин, А. В. Исследование пигмент-белковолипидных комплексов в модели моногибридного гетерозиса, полученного на основе хлорофильного мутанта гороха. Сообщ. 2. Фотохимическая активность / А. В. Вершинин, Н. И. Шутилова // Генетика. – 1980. – Т. 16, № 4. – С. 692–702.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vershinin A. V., Shutilova N. I. Study of pigment-lipoprotein complexes in the model of monohybrid heterosis obtained based on a chlorophyll pea mutant. Report 2. Photochemical activity. Genetika [Genetics], 1980, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 692–702. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шутилова, Н. И. Фотоиндуцированное выделение протонов пигмент-белковолипидным комплексом фотосистемы 2 в присутствии феррицианида / Н. И. Шутилова, Г. М. Ананьев, Д. А. Закржевский // Докл. Акад. наук СССР. – 1980. – Т. 253, № 5. – С. 1263–1266.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shutilova N. I., Ananyev G. M., Zakrzhevskii D. A. Photo-induced proton release by the pigment-lipoprotein complex of photosystem II in the presence of ferricyanide. Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR [Doklady of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union], 1980, vol. 253, no. 5, pp. 1263–1266. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шутилова, Н. И. Спектральные формы хлорофилла у изолированных пигмент-белковолипидных комплексов хлоропластов гороха / Н. И. Шутилова, И. Г. Кадошникова, Д. А. Закржевский // Биофизика. – 1984. – Т. 29. – С. 844–853.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shutilova N. I., Kadoshnikova I. G., Zakrzhevskii D. A. Spectral forms of chlorophyll in the isolated pigment-lipoprotein complexes of pea chloroplasts. Bioﬁzika [Biophysics], 1984, vol. 29, pp. 844–853. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Изучение действия специфических ингибиторов трансляции на образование нативных форм хлорофилла в пигмент-белковолипидных комплексах хлоропластов гороха / И. Ю. Щербакова [и др.] // Молекуляр. биология. – 1980. – Т. 14, вып. 4. – С. 881–890.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shcherbakova I. Yu., Shutilova N. I., Kadoshnikova I. G., Giller Yu. E. Research into the effect of speciﬁc translation inhibitors on the formation of native chlorophyll forms in the pigment-lipoprotein complexes of pea chloroplasts. Molekuliarnaya biologiya [Molecular Biology], 1980, vol. 14, pp. 881–890. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">О связи образования нативных форм хлорофилла с процессами трансляции в хлоропластах и цитоплазме / Ю. Е. Гиллер [и др.] // Докл. Акад. наук СССР. – 1979. – Т. 244, № 3. – С. 739–742.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giller Yu. E., Shcherbakova I. Yu., Shutilova N. I., Kadoshnikova I. G. On the relationship between the formation of native chlorophyll forms and processes of translation in chloroplasts and cytoplasm. Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR [Doklady of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union], 1979, vol. 244, no. 3, pp. 739–742. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стадничук, И. Н. Структура спектров поглощения и флуоресценции и пигментная организация комплекса хлорофилл-антенны высших растений / И. Н. Стадничук, Н. И. Шутилова // Биофизика. – 1980. – Т. 25, вып. 5. – С. 781–786.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stadnichuk I. N., Shutilova N. I. The structure of absorption and ﬂuorescence spectra and pigment organization of the chlorophyll antenna complex in higher plants. Bioﬁzika [Biophysics], 1980, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 781–786. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Об оптическом поглощении при 700 нм спектрах ЭПР хлоропластов и субхлоропластных частиц / М. Г. Гольд-фельд [и др.] // Биофизика. – 1976. – Т. 21, вып. 1. – С. 183–185.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldfeld M. G., Tsapin A. I., Shutilova N. I., Khangulov S. V. On the optical absorption at 700 nm EPR of spectra of chloroplasts and subchloroplast particles. Bioﬁzika [Biophysics], 1976, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 183–185. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Реактивация функции выделения кислорода у субхлоропластных фрагментов фотосистемы 2, отмытых от белков с молекулярной массой 17, 23, и 33 кДа / Н. И. Шутилова [и др.] // Биохимия. – 1987. – Т. 52, вып. 12. – C. 1958–1964.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shutilova N. I., Kadoshnikova I. G., Smolova T. N., Klimov V. V. Reactivation of the oxygen-evolving function in photosystem II subchloroplast fragments washed from proteins with molecular weights 17, 23, and 33 kDa. Biokhimiya [Biochemistry], 1987, vol. 52, no. 12, pp. 1958–1964. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Выделение, стабилизация и исследование кислородвыделяющего пигмент-белковолипидного комплекса фотосистемы 2 мембран хлоропластов / Н. И. Шутилова [и др.] // Биол. мембраны. – 1990. – Т. 7, № 4. – С. 359–367.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shutilova N. I., Strizhova V. P., Khristin M. S., Antropova T. M., Klimov V. V. Isolation, stabilization, and study of the oxygen-evolving pigment-lipoprotein complex of photosystem II in chloroplast membranes. Biologicheskiye membrany [Biological Membranes], 1990, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 359–367. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">О механизме термоинактивации кислородвыделяющего комплекса функционального ядра фотосистемы 2 хлоропластов / Н. И. Шутилова [и др.] // Биохимия. –1992. – Т. 57, вып. 10. – С. 1508–1518.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shutilova N. I., Klimov V. V., Antropova T. M., Shnyrov V. L. On the mechanism of thermal inactivation of the oxygen-evolving complex of the functional core of chloroplast photosystem II. Biokhimiya [Biochemistry], 1992, vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 1508–1518. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Temperature-isolated structural and functional transitions in the oxygen-evolving complex of phosystem 2 subchloroplast preparations / N. I. Shutilova [et al.] // Biochem. and Mol. Biol. Inter. – 1995. – Vol. 35. – P. 1233–1243.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shutilova N. I., Semenova G. A., Klimov V. V., Shnyrov V. L. Temperature-isolated structural and functional transitions in the oxygen-evolving complex of phosystem 2 subchloroplast preparations. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International, 1995, vol. 35, p. 1233–1243.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Семенова, Г. А. Влияние хранения при низких положительных температурах на структуру, функциональную активность и изменения липидного состава хлоропластов / Г. А. Семенова, Н. И. Шутилова // Биол. мембраны. – 1996. – Т. 13, № 2. – С. 138–145.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semenova G. A., Shutilova N. I. Inﬂuence of storage at low positive temperatures on the structure, functional activity, and changes in the lipid composition of chloroplasts. Biologicheskiye membrany [Biological Membranes], 1996, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 138–145. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фотоэлектрический ответ, генерируемый при восстановлении негемового железа на акцепторном участке фотосистемы 2 / М. Д. Мамедов [и др.] // Биохимия. – 2000. – Т. 65, вып. 6. – С. 854–958.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mamedov M. D., Beshta O. E., Shutilova N. I., Semenov A. Yu. Photoelectric response generated during the reduction of non-heme iron in the acceptor site of photosystem 2. Biokhimiya [Biochemistry], 2000, vol. 65, no. 6, pp. 854–958. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Исследование соотношения фотоавтотрофной и гетеротрофной энергозапасающих систем клеток растений для оценки воздействия стрессовых факторов / Н. И. Шутилова [и др.] // Приклад. биохимия и микробиология. – 1997. – Т. 33, № 4. – С. 448–454.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shutilova N. I., Pinskii D. L., Vasilyeva G. V., Dmitriev V. V., Brynskikh M. N., Litkens E. S. Estimation of environmentally stressful factors by a comparative luminescence assay of autotrophic and heterotrophic energy storage systems of plant cells. Prikladnaya biokhimiya i mikrobiologiya [Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology], 1997, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 448– 454. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shutilova, N. I. Model of the structural organization of the oxygen-evolving complex // Molecular Biology and Genetics of Photosynthesis: Proc. Inter. Conf. / Moscow State University. – Moscow, 1977. – P. 22–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shutilova N. I. Model of the structural organization of the oxygen-evolving complex. Proc. Inter. Conf. “Molecular Biology and Genetics of Photosynthesis”, Moscow, Moscow State University, 1977, pp. 22–24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шутилова, Н. И. Молекулярные механизмы ингибирующего действия тяжелых металлов на кислород- выделяющий комплекс мембран хлоропластов / Н. И. Шутилова // Биол. мембраны. – 2006. – Т. 23, № 5. – С. 355–363.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shutilova N. I. Molecular mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of heavy metals on the oxygen-evolving complex of chloroplast membranes]. Biologicheskiye membrany [Biological Membranes], 2006, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 355–363. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shutilova, N. I. The mechanism and quantum-chemical modeling of the reaction of photosynthetic water oxidation and oxygen formation / N. I. Shutiova, D. N. Moiseev // Rus. J. of Phys. Chem. B. – 2010. – Vol. 4, N 5. – P. 801–809.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shutilova N. I., Moiseev D. N. The mechanism and quantum-chemical modeling of the reaction of photosynthetic water oxidation and oxygen formation. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2010, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 801–809.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shutilova, N. I. The role of transitional metals in biological systems. Mn-protein center of water oxidation and its functioning in the process of photosynthetic oxygen formation / N. I. Shutilova, D. N. Moiseev // Protection of Metals and Phys. Chemistry of Surfaces. – 2010. – Vol. 46, N 4. – P. 502–507.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shutilova N. I., Moiseev D. N. The role of transitional metals in biological systems. Mn-protein center of water oxi- dation and its functioning in the process of photosynthetic oxygen formation. Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, 2010, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 502–507.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crystal structure of photosystem II from Synechococcus elongatus at 3.8 Å resolution / A. Zouni [et al.] // Nature. – 2001. – Vol. 409. – P. 739–743.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zouni A., Witt H., Kern J., Fromme P., Krauß N., Saenger W., Orth P. Crystal structure of photosystem II from Synechococcus elongatus at 3.8 Å resolution. Nature, 2001, vol. 409, pp. 739–743.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Architecture of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving center / K. N. Ferreira [et al.] // Science. – 2004. – Vol. 303. – P. 1831–1838.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferreira K. N., Iverson T. M., Maghlaoui K., Barber J., Iwata S. Architecture of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving center. Science, 2004, vol. 303, pp. 1831–1838.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Improved methods for binding protein models in electron density maps and the location of errors in these models / T. A. Jones [et al.] // Acta Crystallographica. Section A. – 1991. – Vol. 47. – P. 110–119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jones T. A., Zou J. Y., Cowan S. W. Kjeldgaard M. Improved methods for binding protein models in electron density maps and the location of errors in these models. Acta Crystallographica Section A, 1991, vol. 47, pp. 110–119.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Towards complete cofactor arrangement in the 3.0 Å resolution structure of photosystem II / B. Loll [et al.] // Nature. – 2005. – Vol. 438. – P. 1040–1044.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loll B., Kern J., Saenger W., Zouni A., Biesiadka J. Towards complete cofactor arrangement in the 3.0 Å resolution structure of photosystem II. Nature, 2005, vol. 438, pp. 1040–1044.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Umena, Y. Crystal structure of oxygen-evolving photosystem II at a resolution of 1.9 Å / Y. Umena, K. Kawakami, N. Kamiya // Nature. – 2011. – Vol. 473. – P. 55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Umena Y., Kawakami K., Kamiya N. Crystal structure of oxygen-evolving photosystem II at a resolution of 1.9 Å. Nature, 2011, vol. 473, p. 55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Directed mutagenesis indicates that the donor to P680+ in Photosystem II is tyrosine-161 of the D1 polypeptide / R. J. Debus [et al.] // Biochemistry. – 1988. – Vol. 27. – P. 9071–9074.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Debus R. J., Barry B. A., Sithole I., Babcock G. T, McIntosh L. Directed mutagenesis indicates that the donor to P680+ in Photosystem II is tyrosine-161 of the D1 polypeptide. Biochemistry, 1988, vol. 27, pp. 9071–9074.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Directed alteration of the D1 polypeptide of Photosystem II: Evidence that tyrosine-161 is the redox component, Z, connecting the oxygen-evolving complex to the primary electron donor, P680 / J. Metz [et al.] // Biochemistry. – 1989. – Vol. 28. – P. 6960–6969.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Metz J., Nixon P., Rogner M., Brudvig G., Diner B. Directed alteration of the D1 polypeptide of Photosystem II: Evidence that tyrosine-161 is the redox component, Z, connecting the oxygen-evolving complex to the primary electron donor, P680. Biochemistry, 1989, vol. 28, pp. 6960–6969.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laikov, D. N. Fast evaluation of density functional exchange-correlation terms using the expansion of the electron density in auxiliary basis sets / D. N. Laikov // Chem. Phys. Lett. – 1997. – Vol. 281. – P. 151–156.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laikov D. N. Fast evaluation of density functional exchange-correlation terms using the expansion of the electron density in auxiliary basis sets. Chemical Physics Letters, 1997, vol. 281, pp. 151–156.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Photosynthetic Water Oxidation: Insights from Manganese Model Chemistry / K. Joung[et al.] // Accounts of Chem. Res. – 2015. – Vol. 48. – P. 567–574.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joung K., Brennan B., Tagure R., Brudvig G. Photosynthetic Water Oxidation: Insights from Manganese Model Chemistry. Accounts of Chemical Research, 2015, vol. 48, pp. 567–574.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
