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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestib</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Национальной  академии наук Беларуси. Серия биологических наук</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1029-8940</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-230X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/1029-8940-2026-71-4-332-343</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestib-1035</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ транскриптома мононуклеарных клеток периферической крови у пациентов с состоянием после COVID-19 на основе данных нанопорового секвенирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PBMC transcriptome analysis in long COVID patients based on nanopore sequencing data</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6725-5353</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шафорост</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaforost</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шафорост Александр Сергеевич – ст. науч. сотрудник</p><p>ул. Ланге, 5, 246000, г. Гомель </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander S. Shaforost – Senior Researcher </p><p>5, Lange Str., 246000, Gomel </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asofocl@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9435-6109</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воропаев</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voropaev</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воропаев Евгений Викторович – канд. мед. наук, доцент, проректор по научной работе</p><p>ул. Ланге, 5, 246000, г. Гомель </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenii V. Voropaev – Ph. D. (Med.), Associate Professor, Vice-Rector for Research</p><p>5, Lange Str., 246000, Gomel </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">voropaev.evgenii@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1706-0144</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галиновская</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Halinouskaya</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галиновская Наталья Викторовна – д-р мед. наук, профессор, декан</p><p>ул. Ланге, 5, 246000, г. Гомель </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natallia V. Halinouskaya – D. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Dean</p><p>5, Lange Str., 246000, Gomel </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">halinouskaya@gsmu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9542-3791</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зятьков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ziatskov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зятьков Алексей Александрович – ст. науч. сотрудник</p><p>ул. Ланге, 5, 246000, г. Гомель </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Aliaksei A. Ziatskov – Senior Researcher </p><p>5, Lange Str., 246000, Gomel </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ziatskovaa@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1931-4224</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипкина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipkina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Осипкина Ольга Викторовна – заведующий лабораторией</p><p>ул. Ланге, 5, 246000, г. Гомель </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Osipkina – Head of the Laboratory </p><p>5, Lange Str., 246000, Gomel </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga.osipkina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4360-4341</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барбарович</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barbarovich</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Барбарович Анастасия Александровна – ассистент кафедры</p><p>ул. Ланге, 5, 246000, г. Гомель </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>5, Lange Str., 246000, Gomel </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Feniks-1342@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Гомельский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gomel State Medical University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>11</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>71</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>332</fpage><lpage>342</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шафорост А.С., Воропаев Е.В., Галиновская Н.В., Зятьков А.А., Осипкина О.В., Барбарович А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шафорост А.С., Воропаев Е.В., Галиновская Н.В., Зятьков А.А., Осипкина О.В., Барбарович А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shaforost A.S., Voropaev E.V., Halinouskaya N.V., Ziatskov A.A., Osipkina O.V., Barbarovich A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestibio.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/1035">https://vestibio.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/1035</self-uri><abstract><p>По данным ВОЗ, вероятность развития осложнений после коронавирусной инфекции составляет 10–20 %. Состояние после COVID-19 снижает качество жизни пациентов, важную роль в его развитии играет изменение реактивности иммунной системы. Пилотное исследование транскриптома мононуклеарных клеток периферической крови (МНК) пациентов с состоянием после COVID-19 с применением нанопорового секвенирования позволяет получить предварительные данные для характеристики функционального статуса МНК и выявления потенциальных мишеней для разработки новых эффективных средств персонализированной терапии данного заболевания.</p><p>В исследовании участвовали 5 пациентов с симптомами состояния после COVID-19 длительностью 3–6 месяцев. В качестве контроля использовали данные секвенирования транскриптома МНК 6 здоровых добровольцев. Секвенирование транскриптома производили на секвенаторе PromethION 2 Solo (ячейки FLO-PRO114M (R10.4.1), применяли набор для пробоподготовки Native Barcoding Kit 24 V14 (SQK-NBD114.24). Анализ дифференциальной экспрессии (ДЭ) генов осуществляли с помощью DESeq2. Для анализа обогащения в терминах генной онтологии (Gene Ontology, GO) использовали R-пакет clusterProfiler (4.14.6). Для определения семантического сходства терминов GO – REViGO, построение функциональных сетей в виде сети GO-терминов (биологические процессы) выполняли в CytoScape 3.10.4.</p><p>Выявлено 41 164 экспрессируемых гена, в том числе 5 309 генов имели значимо различающуюся экспрессию (log₂FoldChange &gt; |1|, padj &lt; 0,05); 2 102 гена ассоциированы с 163 биологическими процессами в терминах GO: 146 из них характеризовались снижением экспрессии генов, 17 – повышенной. Наблюдаются изменения, ассоциированные со снижением показателей, характерных для пролиферативной активности МНК, ослаблением интенсивности процессов, связанных с врожденным и адаптивным иммунитетом, и перестройкой метаболических процессов в сторону стабилизации состояния клеток на фоне активации биогенеза рибосом, окислительного фосфорилирования и подавления протеолиза.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>According to the WHO, the risk of developing complications after SARS-CoV-2 infection is 10–20 %. Long COVID leads to a decrease in patients’ quality of life, and changes in immune system reactivity play a significant role in this. This pilot study of the PBMC transcriptome in patients with long COVID using nanopore sequencing aims to provide preliminary data on the functional status of PBMC and identify potential targets for the development of new effective personalized therapies for this disease.</p><p>The transcriptome analysis protocol included RNA extraction (GeneJET RNA Purification Kit), DNA removal (DNase I), double-stranded cDNA synthesis (Mint kit-2), sequencing library preparation (SQK-NBD114.24), nanopore sequencing (PromethION 2 Solo, FLO-PRO114M (R10.4.1) cells), basecalling (Dorado), read quality assessment (nanoQC/FastQC), adapter trimming and length/quality filtering (Cutadapt (5.2)/seqkit(2.12.0)), and data preparation for differential gene expression assessment (minimap2 in map-ont mode, samtools (1.10.2), Picard tools (CollectRnaSeqMetrics), featureCounts (2.1.1), biomaRt (2.62.1)), differential expression analysis (RStudio 2025.05.0 Build 418, DESeq2 (1.46.0), pheatmap (1.0.13), dplyr (1.1.4), RColorBrewer (1.1.-3), ggplot2 (3.5.2), ggrepel (0.9.6), apeglm (1.28.0) packages), GSEA-analysis (clusterProfiler (4.14.6), org.Hs.eg.db (3.20.0), enrichplot (1.26.6), DOSE (4.0.1), igraph (2.2.1)), semantic similarity of GO terms (biological process (BP) analysis (REViGO)), BP functional network creation (Cytoscape 3.10.4).</p><p>A pilot study of the peripheral blood leukocyte transcriptome in patients with long COVID using nanopore sequencing revealed significant differences in gene expression (n = 2,102) involved in 163 biological processes. Analysis of these changes in activity indicated a significant decrease in the overall functional activity of leukocytes, accompanied by a decrease in proliferative activity, weakening of innate and adaptive immunity, and a restructuring of metabolic processes toward cellular stabilization against the background of increased ribosome biogenesis, activation of oxidative phosphorylation and suppression of proteolysis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>состояние после COVID-19</kwd><kwd>транскриптом</kwd><kwd>мононуклеарные клетки периферической крови человека</kwd><kwd>нанопоровое секвенирование</kwd><kwd>дифференциальная экспрессия генов</kwd><kwd>биологический процесс</kwd><kwd>системный анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>long COVID syndrome</kwd><kwd>transcriptome</kwd><kwd>human leukocytes</kwd><kwd>nanopore sequencing</kwd><kwd>differential gene expression</kwd><kwd>biological process</kwd><kwd>systemic analysis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Molecular and biological characterization of messenger RNA / F. 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