vestibИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия биологических наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series1029-89402524-230XThe Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1029-8940-2026-71-4-282-291vestib-1031Research ArticleСтатьиАнализ генов, ассоциированных с массой тысячи зерен, у линий мягкой пшеницы с интрогрессиями чужеродного генетического материалаAnalysis of genes associated with thousand grain weight in common wheat lines with alien genetic material introgressionshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1187-1317ОрловскаяО. А.OrlovskayaO. A.

Орловская Ольга Александровна – канд. биол. наук, доцент, вед. науч. сотрудник

ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, г. Минск

Olga A. Orlovskaya – Ph. D. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Leading Researcher

27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk

o.orlovskaya@igc.byhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-7040-4671ЯцевичК. К.YatsevichK. K.

Яцевич Констанция Константиновна – науч. сотрудник

ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, г. Минск

Kanstantsyia K. Yatsevich – Researcher 

27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk

K.Yatsevich@igc.byМилькоЛ. В.MilkoL. V.

Милько Лариса Викентьевна – науч. сотрудник 

ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, г. Минск

Larisa V. Milko – Researcher 

27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk

L.Milko@igc.byhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0175-9786КильчевскийА. В.KilchevskyA. V.

Кильчевский Александр Владимирович – академик, д-р биол. наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией

ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, г. Минск

Alexander V. Kilchevsky – Academician, D. Sc. (Biol.), Professor, Head of the Laboratory

27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk

Kilchev@presidium.bas-net.byИнститут генетики и цитологии Национальной академии наук БеларусиБеларусьInstitute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of BelarusBelarus202611112026714282291Copyright © Орловская О.А., Яцевич К.К., Милько Л.В., Кильчевский А.В., 20262026Орловская О.А., Яцевич К.К., Милько Л.В., Кильчевский А.В.Orlovskaya O.A., Yatsevich K.K., Milko L.V., Kilchevsky A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestibio.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/1031

Из всех компонентов урожайности пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L.) особенно большое значение имеет масса 1 000 зерен (Thousand Grain Weight, TGW) как наиболее стабильный признак с высокой наследуемостью. Масса зерна определяется главным образом его размером (длиной и шириной). В данном исследовании в коллекции 40 линий мягкой пшеницы с интрогрессией генетического материала видов рода Triticum и 15 родительских генотипов изучен полиморфизм генов TaGW2-6A, TaGW2-6В, TaTGW6-A1, TaGs3-4А, TaGs5-3А, TaGs3-D1, TaGASR7-A1, TaCKX6-D1, ТaD11-2A, TaCYP78A5, участвующих в формировании размера зерновки, для выявления их связи с массой зерна, а также оценена возможность сочетания высокой TGW и качества зерна у линий пшеницы с чужеродным генетическим материалом. Установлено, что данные гены оказывают значимый вклад в изменчивость изученных признаков, за исключением генов TaGW2-6A и TaD11-2А, для которых не выявлена роль в формировании морфометрических показателей и TGW соответственно. Во всей коллекции доля благоприятных гаплотипов/аллелей большинства генов была на высоком уровне (60,0–100,0 %). У генотипов с высокой TGW чаще всего отмечено следующее сочетание гаплотипов: TaGS3-D1а, H1c, Hap-6A-G, Hap-6B-2, TaD11-2A-HapI и Ap-HapII.В среднем за двухлетний период у интрогрессивных линий длина зерновки была значимо выше, а ширина – значимо ниже, чем у сортов; TGW была больше, чем у родительских форм, но статистически значимо – только по сравнению с сородичами мягкой пшеницы. 19 интрогрессивных линий из 40 исследованных достоверно превышали исходный сорт по TGW, при этом 11 из них также характеризовались высокими показателями по содержанию белка и клейковины в зерне, что указывает на возможность создания линий с включением чужеродного генетического материала, сочетающих высокую массу и качество зерна.

Among all yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), thousand grain weight (TGW) is especially important as the most stable trait with high heritability. Grain weight is mainly determined by its size (length and width). Polymorphism of TaGW2-6A, TaGW2-6B, TaTGW6-A1, TaGS3-4A, TaGS5-3A, TaGS3-D1, TaGASR7-A1, TaCKX6-D1, TaD11-2A, and TaCYP78A5 genes, involved in the regulation of grain size, was analyzed in the collection of 40 common wheat lines with introgressions of Triticum species genetic material and 15 parental genotypes. The aim was to identify the association of allelic variants of these genes with grain weight and to assess the potential for combining high TGW with grain quality in wheat lines with alien genetic material. It was established that these genes significantly contribute to the variability of the studied traits, except for TaGW2-6A and TaD11-2A, for which no role was identified in the formation of morphometric parameters and TGW, respectively. The favorable haplotypes/alleles frequency for most genes was high (60.0–100.0 %) across the collection. Haplotype combination TaGS3-D1a, H1c, Hap-6A-G, Hap-6B-2, TaD11-2A-HapI, and Ap-HapII was most frequent in genotypes with high TGW.On average over the two-year study period, introgression lines exhibited significantly greater grain length but significantly lower grain width compared to varieties; TGW was higher than in the parental forms, but statistically significant superiority was noted only in comparison with common wheat relatives. Among the studied 40 introgression lines, 19 significantly surpassed the original variety in TGW, with 11 of these also demonstrating high grain protein and gluten content. The results indicate the possibility of obtaining wheat lines with alien genetic material combining high grain weight with improved grain quality.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.